bio

• Nucleotide


  Phosphate, sugar, nitrogenous base
• In DNA, C always binds with G, A always binds with T
• mRNA


  Carries the instructions from DNA from the nucleus to the ribosome for making proteins
• Mitosis


  • DNA is replicated
  • Cytokinesis occurs
  • Cells grow in size
  • The cell's nucleus divides
• After mitosis and cytokinesis, each of the two new cells formed from the original cell have 46 chromosomes
• Mitosis


  Type of cell division that makes somatic cells
• Meiosis


  Type of cell division that makes gametes
• Crossing over


  • Allows for more genetic variation
• Codon


  Every 3 nucleotides in mRNA that specifies a particular amino acid

  
• TAC-CAT-GAA-TTT-GCG-CAA


  AUG-GUA-CUU-AAA-CGC-GUU
• GTCC


  Related to CAGG
• Phases of Mitosis


  1. Interphase

  2. Prophase

  3. Metaphase

  4. Anaphase

  5. Telophase

  6. Cytokinesis
• In the Anaphase stage of mitosis, the centromeres divide
• Interphase is the longest phase of the cell cycle
• Transcription


  DNA to RNA
• Translation


  RNA to Amino Acids
• Binary Fission


  How bacteria sexually reproduce
• DNA strand


  TAC-AAG-AGT-GAT-GGG-GGT-ACT
• Karyotype


  Used to learn about the number of chromosomes present in a body cell

  
• This karyotype shows an individual is a female without Down's syndrome
• Autosomes


  Chromosomes on pairs 1-22
• Amino Acid


  Monomer of an Enzyme
• The substrate X will react with this enzyme
• Enzyme after reaction


  • Can react with another substrate
• Hydrogen bond


  Type of bond between the nitrogenous bases
• Cell cycle


  1. G1

  2. S

  3. G2

  4. Mitosis

  5. Cytokinesis
• Mitosis would be used to make more nerve cells in a human
• A goldfish heart has 94 chromosomes
• A human egg cell has 23 chromosomes and undergoes Meiosis
• A


  mRNA, anticodon
• B


  DNA, codon
• A dog's gametes have 39 chromosomes
• Differences between DNA and RNA

  • RNA: single stranded, Ribose, can leave the nucleus
  • DNA: double stranded, Deoxyribose, can't leave the nucleus
• Monomers


  • Carbohydrate: monosaccharide
  • Protein: amino acid
  • Nucleic acid: nucleotide
  • Lipid: fatty acid
• DNA replicates in the S phase of the cell cycle
• Helicase


  Enzyme that separates the double-stranded DNA into single strands allowing each strand to be copied
• 1


  Active site
• 2


  Reactant
• 3


  Enzyme
• 4


  Product