states of matter and mixtures

• solids

  • regular lattice arrangement
  • particles in a fixed position
  • particles only vibrate
  • strong attractive forces
• liquids

  • random arrangement of particles
  • particles vibrate around eachother
  • weak attractive forces
• gas

  • free moving particles
  • no force of attraction
  • random arrangement of particles
• the stronger the forces between the particles, the higher the melting and boiling point
• pure substances melt and boil at specific temperatures while mixtures don't.
• distillation - separates a pure liquid from a mixture

  
• fractional distillation - separates crude oil into fractions

  
• filtration - separates the salt/precipitate from the solution

  
• crystallisation - separate a salt from the solution

  
• chromatography - separates mixtures to help identify substances

  
• Rf value - distance moved by substance/distance moved by solvent
• chromatography

  separation of mixtures by running a solvent (mobile phase) through the mixture on the paper (stationary phase).