1-3 Heat and Temperature

• we use microwaves instead of wood stoves because they are fast, easy, safe, not too dangerous and efficient
• the eight energy stores are kinetic, gravitation, thermal, elastic, chemical, nuclear, magnetic and electrostatic
• the four transfers are mechanical, eletrical, chemical and thermal
• energy is the ability to cause a change within a system, or to do work on a system
• Galileo invented the thermometer in the early seventeeth century around 1600
• Anders Celsius invented the Celsius scale. It is used commonly in Canada and many other countries
• absolute zero is the lowest coldest temperature possible in the universe, -273.15 degrees celsius.
• thermocouple: a thermoelectric device for measuring temperature, consisting of two wires of different metals connected at two points. it measures high temperatures like a furnace
• bimetallic strip - a strip of metal that is made up of two different metals used for electrical switchs, furnaces, AC and refridgerators
• recording thermometer records temperature over periods of time, it uses a bimetallic strip, a pen, and a roll of paper
• infrared thermometers measure heat radiation from an object without touching it.
• normal human temperature


  37 degrees Celsuis
• room temperature


  20 to 25 degrees Celsius
• boiling point of water

  100 degrees Celsius
• slush of water


  0 degree Celsuis
• particle model of matter

  • tiny particles
  • always in motion
  • particles attract
  • motion of particles increase/decrease
  • have space between them
• temperature indicates the average speed of particle motion in a substance. the motion of particles increase when temperature increases
• thermal energy is the energy generated by the movement or vibrations of particles in a substance. mass, speed, and state affects the amount of thermal energy