When a cell contains 2n chromosomes that are correctly organized into sets
Aneuploid
When a cell has incorrectly organized or and incorrect amount of chromosomes
Monosomy
When a cell ahs only one cope of a chromosome that should have two copies
Trisomy
When an organism has a third copy of a chromosome that should be present in two copies
Polyploid
Organisms with more than two complete sets of chromosomes
Nondisjunction
Causes disorders in chromosome numbers, when sister chromatids or homologous chromosomes fail to separate during meiosis I or II or during mitosis
Down syndrome
Trisomy 21, most common trisomies among embryos to survive birth. characterized by small stature, upward slanted eyes, flat faces, and developmental delays
Karyotype
Image of a person's chromosomes all lined up and organized
Duplication
When part of a chromosome is copied
Deletion
When part of a chromosome is removed
Inversion
When a chromosomal region is flipped so it points in the opposite direction to the rest of the chromosome
Translocation
When a piece of a chromosome is attached to another chromosome
