Eyes

• Pseudostrabismus-pupil appears at the inner canthus
• Strabismus is an eye muscle imbalance that causes misalignment of the eyes.
• Cataracts are clouding of the lens of the eye.
• STRABISMUS or tropia - a constant malalignment of the eye axist
• Esotropia - eye turns inward
• Exotropia - eye turns outward
• Paralytic strabismus - is usually the results of weakness or paralysis of one or more extraocular muscle
• Ptosis - drooping eye
• Ectropion - outwardly turned lower lid
• Conjunctivitis - inflammation of the conjunctiva
• Exophthalmos - protruding eyeballs and retracted eyelids
• Chalazion - infected meibomian gland
• Hordeolum - stye
• Entropion - inwardly turned lower eyelid
• Blepharitis - staphylococcal infection of the eyelid
• Diffuse episcleritis - inflammation of the sclera
• Subconjunctival hemorrhage - bright red areas of the sclera
• Miosis - also knowm as pin point pupils, constricted and fixed pupils
• Anisocoria - pupils of unequal size.
• Mydriasis - dilated and fixed pupils. Typically from CNS injury, circulatory collapse or deep anesthesia
• Papillledema - swollen optic disc, blurred margins, hyperemic appearance from accumulation of excess blood, visible and numerous disc vessels and lack of visible physiologic cup
• Glaucoma - a group of eye disease that damage the optic nerve, often cause by abnormally high pressure within the eye.
• Optic atrophy - white optic disc, lack of disc vessel
• Irregularly shaped iris causes a shallow anterior chamber, which may increase the risk for narrow angle glaucoma.
• EYES - transmit visual stimuli to the brain for interpretation and in doing so, functions as the organ of visions.
• eyelids - are two movable structures composed of skin and two types of muscle.
• Eyelids is composed of two types of muscles

  Straited and smooth
• Straited and smooth muscles purpose?

  Is to protect the eye from foreign bodies and limits the amount of light entering the eye.
• Upper eyelid - is larger, more mobile, and contains TARSAL PLATES made up of connective tissue.
• Meibomian glands - secretes an oily substance that lubricates the eyelids
• The eyelid has two points

  Lateral canthus and medial canthus
• Palpebral fissure - the white space between open eyelids.
• Eyelashes - are projections of stiff hair curving outward along the margins of the eyelids that filters dust and dirt from air entering the eye.
• Conjunctiva- is a thin, transparent continous membrane that is divided into two portions: PALPEBRAL and BULBAR portion
• palpebral conjunctiva- lines the inside of the eyelid
• Bulbar conjunctiva- covers most of the anterior eye, merging with the cornea at the limbus
• Lacrimal apparatus- consist of glands and ducts that lubricates the eye
• Extraocular muscles - are the 6 muscles attached to the outer surface of each eyeball.
• There are four rectus muscles:


  Superior

  Inferior

  Lateral

  Medial
• Two oblique muscles: 


  Superior and inferior