ETHICS 1

• Buddhism


  Started in the 50th century, did not start as a religion, rather, a way of life.
• Siddhartha Gautama (Buddha)


  He is a prince, a teacher. Means "Enlightened One." He is said to have renounced his worldly possessions and taught of a way to overcome suffering.
• Life has inevitable suffering

  One of the four noble truths, suffering is the disease. You cannot imagine a life full of victories.
• Life has inevitable suffering

  There is a cause to our suffering

  There is an end to our suffering

  The end of our suffering is contained in the eightfold path


  The Four Noble Truths (Buddhism)
• There is a cause to our suffering


  One of the four noble truths where desire is the key component. As well as hatred and ignorance.
• The Eightfold Path


  In Buddhism, the basic rules of behavior and belief leading to an end of suffering. It is the application of the "The Middle Way." The entirety of our life (a lifelong practice).
• Right View or Understanding


  One of the Eightfold Path, which involves looking deeply at our perceptions. It is a practice to widen our UNDERSTANDING of the nature of reality.
• Right Intention


  One of the Eightfold Path, which means "No Discrimination." A practice to cultivate kind and compassionate intentions and not having ill-will towards others.
• Right Speech


  One of the Eightfold Path, which means speaking truthfully, kindly, and in ways that do not harm others. It has four aspects: avoid lying, avoid back biting or slander, avoid harsh speech, avoid idle talk.
• Right Action


  One of the Eightfold Path, which means respect for life, property, and personal relationships and keeping in mind the principle of equality and reciprocity.
• Right Livelihood


  One of the Eightfold Path, which means making a living in a way that is honest and does not cause harm to oneself or others.
• Right Effort or Diligence


  One of the Eightfold Path, which means a controlled, sustained, enthusiastic, cheerful determintaion in attaining Nirvana.
• Right Mindfulness


  One of the Eightfold Path, which means a clear awareness of our thoughts, feelings, sensations, and actions in the present moment. Being fully present and attentive to what is happening within and around oneself.
• Right Concentration


  One of the Eightfold Path, which means a practice of focusing our attention on a single object without being distracted. Training the mind to be steady and undistracted.
• Right View (Understanding), Intention, Speech, Action, Livelihood, Effort (Diligence), Mindfulness, Concentration(VISALEMC)


  The Eightfold Path (The Middle Way)
• To attain Nirvana


  The Goal of a Buddhist Life
• Taoism


  Philosophy of the Art of Living and Relationships. Of the rhythm of mind, and simplicity of life. Withdrawal from all that is artificial and worthless.
• Wei-Wu-Wei (Taoism)


  Action by Non-action. Following the natural flow of the forces of nature by not overdoing one's tasks and finding balance in and among things.
• Wei-Wu-Wei Teaching


  Living is like trying to float on water. "As the universe exists effortlessly, so must man."
• Chapter 48, Tao Te Ching


  True mastery can be gained by letting things go their own way. It can't be gained by interfering.
• Selflessness, Moderation, Embracing the Tao, Non-contrivance, Detachment, Humility


  Doctrines of Taoism
• To be one with the Tao


  Goal of Taoism
• Islam


  Derived from the Arabic root word "salema." Believes in and praises Allah.
• Jihad


  To strive, to struggle, to persevere. Internal struggle to live out the Muslim faith as well as possible. Struggle to build a good muslim society.
• Zakat, Shahadah, Salat, Sawm, Hajj


  Five Pillars of Islam
• Shahadah


  Declaration of faith
• Salat


  Prayer 5 times a day
• Zakat


  Tax for charity; obligatory for all Muslims
• Sawm


  Fasting during the month of Ramadan
• Hajj


  A pilgrimage to Mecca, performed as a duty by Muslims (for those physically and financially capable).
• To live a peaceful life in Allah's absence


  The Goal of a Muslim Life
• Christianity


  World's largest religion by population. Believes that Jesus is the messiah/savior of the world.
• Agape


  Love of God and of neighbor as oneself. "the highest form of love, charity" and "the love of God for [human beings] and of [human beings] for God".
• Morality


  Consists of a set of rules such that, if nearly everyone follows them, then nearly everyone will flourish.
• To ameliorate human suffering

  To promote human flourishing

  To keep society from falling apart

  To resolve conflicts in just and orderly ways

  To assign praise and blame, reward and punishment, and guilt

  Purpose of Morality
• Prescriptivity, Universalizability, Overridingness, Publicity, Practicability

  Nature of Moral Principles
• Prescriptivity


  The practical, or action-guiding, nature of morality; involves commands.
• Universalizability


  The view that moral principles must apply to all people who are in a relevantly similar situation. Similarity and universal.
• Overridingness


  The view that moral principles have predominant authority and override other kinds of principles. (Ex. not buying from a company that supports exploitation even though they are cheaper)
• Publicity


  Moral principles must be made public.