exam 4

• Warsaw Pact

  A collective defense treaty established by the Soviet Union and seven other Soviet satellite states
• National Security Act

  Created the Secretary of Defense, National Security Council (NSC), Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)
• Mao Zedong & People's Republic of China


  Communist, wins and proclaims People's Republic of China, causes Nationalist party to flee to Taiwan
• Ho Chi Minh


  Vietnamese nationalist leader (Communist) after WWII (1946) fighting against French rule (US will recognize & send support French puppet government)
• 17th Parallel


  Divided Vietnam
• Ngo Dinh Diem


  French/US supported government leader in South Vietnam
• Korean War

  1950-1953, conflict between North and South Korea, Soviets support North; US supports South, US entered for containment but switched to reunification, China involved after US soldiers are pushed back into their borders
• 38th Parallel


  Divided Korea
• John Foster Dulles


  Eisenhower's secretary of state, in favor of using nuclear war as deterrence (threat)
• Domino Theory

  Small weak neighboring nations would fall to communism like a row of dominoes if not propped up by the US
• People-to-People

  Fighting Soviets with propaganda term
• CIA

  Central Intelligence Agency
• Eisenhower Doctrine

  US would intervene in the Middle East if any government threatened by a communist takeover asked for help
• Hungarian Uprising

  Uprising in Hungary in 1956 following a speech by Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev in which he attacked Joseph Stalin
• Sputnik

  Soviets launch first satellite into space
• NASA

  National Aeronautics and Space Administration, created for US to partake in Space Race vs. Soviets
• Fidel Castro

  Ousts former leader, Batista, longtime US ally, denounces America/American influence in Cuba, begins expropriating American property and creates closer ties with Soviets
• Dwight D. Eisenhower

  1953-1961, Uses CIA, Eisenhower Doctrine, Domino Theory
• Joseph McCarthy


  Claimed US was infested with communists, used press, discredited after making claims against army
• Baby boom - Marriage & birth rates soar in climate of postwar economic growth
• Consensus of values - good life = decent job, home in suburbs & access to modern conveniences
• GI Bill

  aka Servicemen's Readjustment Act, unemployment benefits, low-interest loans for homes, farms or small businesses, stipends to cover college or technical school
• Suburban growth & Highway Act

  1956 Highway Act is beneficial for security and economy, makes it easier for people to move out to suburbs
• Brown v. Board of Education

  Supreme Court rules unanimously that segregation in public schools was "inherently unequal" and thus unconstitutional
• Southern Manifesto

  Congress members call the Brown decision "a clear abuse of judicial power"
• Montgomery Bus Boycott

  Montgomery Improvement Association (MIA) is organized to continue the boycott, boycott lasted 381 days; extremely successful, Supreme Court rules that bus segregation was unconstitutional
• Rosa Parks

  Seamstress, secretary of NAACP, will not give up her seat on a city bus and was arrested
• Martin Luther King Jr.

  Forms the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) with aim to mobilize black churches on behalf of black rights
• Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC)

  Aimed to use black churches to fight for civil rights
• Congress of Racial Equality (CORE)

  Organize Freedom Rides
• Freedom Rides

  Set out to end segregation/call attention to violations of segregation in facilities serving interstate commerce
• Little Rock Nine

  Nine teens going to integrate Little Rock's Central High School, test case for Brown v. Board
• Greensboro Sit-In

  4 black college freshmen in Greensboro, North Carolina demand service at a whites-only Woolworth's lunch counter
• Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC)

  Founded by Ella Baker, helps coordinate sit-ins & protests across the country
• Birmingham Protests

  Students march in Birmingham, City police unleash dogs and high-pressure fire hoses on protestors
• March on Washington

  Organized by A. Philip Randolph and Bayard Rustin, MLK's "I Have a Dream" speech
• Civil Rights Act *1964


  Banned racial discrimination in most private facilities open to public
• Voting Rights Act *1965


  Outlawed literacy tests & other devices that prevented African Americans from voting and sent federal voter registrars into several southern states
• Black Power

  Black nationalism, self-determination, racial pride, economic empowerment
• Malcom X

  Preached militant separatism; blacks should seize power "by any means necessary," opposed MLK