specific immune response

• specific immune response 


  specific and has memory
• types of specific immunity

  1. naturally acquired active immunity
  2. naturally acquired passive immunity
  3. artificially acquired active immunity
  4. artificially acquired passive immunity
• What indicates an antibody's class?

  their constant region
• IgD

  receptor on B cells
• IgM

  expresses first in an antibody response
• IgG

  crosses placenta, activates complement; major antibody of the blood
• IgA

  dimer, major antibody of secretions, major antibody of milk
• IgE

  bound to mast cells and basophils, when it binds antigen causes cells to release histamine - allergic response
• What are the cells responsible for humoral and cellular immunity?

  B cells, TH cells, TReg cells, CTL
• B cells

  become plasma cells (antibody secreting cells) or memory cells
• TH cells

  have CD4 which is the receptor for HIV attachment. these cells present antigen to B cells to elicit a specific antibody response. they help B cells.
• TReg cells

  suppress an immune response
• CTL


  cytotoxic T lymphocyte, cells are cytotoxic release a protein that has similar effect as the cytolytic process of complement, attack virally infected cells and cancer cells
• cellular immunity 


  CTL cells with the same specificity of antibody surveil, bind and destroy target cells
• Cytokines 


  protein messengers released by one cell and received by another
• interleukins 


  communicate and signal between leukocytes (white blood cells)
• chemokines 


   induce migration of leukocytes into infected area
• interferons


  interfere with viral infection
• Systemic anaphylaxis


  hypersensitivity reaction causing vasodilation and shock
• erythroblastosis fetalis

  IgG molecules produced by the mother passes through the placenta
• monoclonal antibodies


  binds to certain targets in the body, such as antigens on the surface of cancer cells
• haptens


  small molecular weight molecule that must be attached to a larger molecule to elcity an antibody response
• Active immunity means 


  hosts cells are responsible for the immunity
• Passive immunity means


  Antibodies from one organism is transfe to another
• Antibodies are

  Proteins
• Specificity of an antibody is due to

  Variable portions of H and L chains
• Plasma cells


  Produce and secrete antibodies
• Antibodies

  1. Attached to viruses and prevent the first part of their life cycle
  2. Attached to toxins or any microbe and prevent them from adhering to target tissue
  3. Act as opsonins
  4. agglutinate foreign material to enhance phagocytosis
• Opsonin


  Enhance phagocytosis by allowing better adherence