Chemistry 10

• WHMIS

  Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System
• Safety Hazard Symbols

  • Used on household products
  • Shows degree of hazard (Caution, Warning, Danger)
  • Shows type of hazard (Explosive, Corrosive, Flammable, Poisonous)
• WHMIS


  • Used in the workplace/Industry
  • More regulated than household products
• Class A - Compressed Gas


  • Gas inside cylinder is under pressure
  • May explode if heated or damaged
• Precautions for Class A - Compressed Gas


  1. Transport and handle with care

  2. Make sure cylinders are properly secured

  3. Store away from sources of heat or fire

  4. Use proper regulator
• Class B - Flammable and Combustible Material

  • May burn or explode when exposed to heat, sparks or flames
  • Flammable: burns at room temperature
  • Combustible: burns when heated
• Precautions for Class B - Flammable and Combustible Material

  1. Store away from oxidizing materials

  2. Store away from sources of heat, sparks and flame

  3. Do not smoke near these materials
• Class C - Oxidizing Material


  • Can Cause other materials to burn or explode by providing oxygen
  • May burn skin and eyes on contact
• Precautions for Class C - Oxidizing Material


  1. Store away from flammable and combustible materials

  2. Wear recommended PPE (personal protective equipment)
• Class D Division 1 - Materials Causing Immediate and Serious Toxic Effects


  May cause immediate death or serious injury if inhaled, swallowed, or absorbed through the skin
• Precautions for Class D Division 1 - Materials Causing Immediate and Serious Toxic Effects

  1. Avoid inhaling gas or vapors

  2. Avoid skin and eye contact

  3. Wear the recommended PPE

  4. Do not eat, drink or smoke near these materials

  5. Wash hands after handling
• Class D Division 2 - Materials Causing other Toxic Effects

  • May cause death or permanent injury following repeated or long-term exposure
  • May irritate eyes, skin and breathing passages: may lead to chronic lung problems and skin sensitivity
  • May cause liver or kidney damage, cancer, birth defects or sterility
• Precautions for Class D Division 2 - Materials Causing other Toxic Effects

  1. Avoid inhaling gas or vapors

  2. Avoid skin and eye contact

  3. Wear the recommended PPE

  4. Do not eat, drink or smoke near these materials

  5. Wash hands after handling
• Class D Division 3 - Biohazardous Infectious Material


  Contact with microbiological agents (ex. bacteria, viruses, fungi and their toxins) and others blood and bodily fluids may cause illness or death
• Precautions for Class D Division 3 - Biohazardous Infectious Material

  1. Wear recommended PPE

  2. Work with these materials in designated areas

  3. Disinfect area after handling

  4. Wash hands after handling
• Class E - Corrosive Material


  • Will burn eyes and skin on contact
  • Will burn tissues of respiratory tract if inhaled
• Precautions for Class E - Corrosive Material

  1. Store acids and bases in separate areas

  2. Avoid inhaling these materials

  3. Avoid contact with skin and eyes

  4. Wear the recommended protective equipment and clothing
• Class F - Dangerously Reactive Material


  • May be unstable, reacting dangerously to jarring, compression, heat or light
  • May burn, explode or produce dangerous gases when mixed with incompatible materials
• Precautions for Class F - Dangerously Reactive Material


  1. Store away from heat

  2. Avoid shock and friction

  3. Wear the recommended PPE
• MSDS


  • Material Safety Data Sheets
  • Provide important safety information about the characteristics of chemicals
  • Includes: specific hazards, physical and chemical properties, first aid and spill/leakage procedures
• Labs must keep a binder will all the MSDS for each chemical stored
• Classification of Matter


  • Pure Substances
  • Elements
  • Compounds
  • Mixtures
• Pure Substance


  All the particles that make up a substance are identical
• Elements


  • Cannot be broken down into other atoms
  • Made up of one type of atom
• Compounds


  • A combination of two or more elements
• Mixtures


  A combination of pure substances
• Types of Mixtures


  • Homogenous Mixture (Solutions)
  • Heterogeneous Mixture (Mechanical Mixtures, Suspensions, Colloids)
• Homogenous Mixture (Solution)


  • salt water
• Heterogeneous Mixture


  • concrete
• Solution


  A homogenous mixture that looks the same throughout
• Solution


  • coffee
• Mechanical Mixture


  Different substances are visible
• Mechanical Mixture


  • salad
• Suspension


  Components are in different states
• Suspension


  • mud (dirt and water)
• Colloid


  Suspended substance cannot be easily separated
• Colloid


  • milk
• Chemical Properties


  Describe a substance's reactivity, or its reaction with other substances
• Chemical Reaction


  1. New substance is formed (new physical and chemical properties)

  2. Energy is transferred
• Exothermic Reaction


  Energy is released