Protein synthesis

• DNA


  Genetic information that codes for traits like eye color
• Genes


  Portions of DNA that can code for proteins
• Protein synthesis


  The process of making proteins
• Proteins are involved in transport, structure, acting as enzymes, protecting the body, and much more</b>
• Noncoding DNA


  DNA that does not code for active proteins
• Coding genes


  Genes that code for active proteins
• RNA


  A nucleic acid like DNA, with some differences
• Protein synthesis


  1. Transcription

  2. Translation
• Transcription


  The process of transcribing DNA into messenger RNA (mRNA)
• RNA polymerase


  An enzyme that connects complementary RNA bases to DNA during transcription
• mRNA


  Messenger RNA, a single-stranded RNA molecule that carries a message based on the DNA
• mRNA usually requires significant editing before it is ready
• Eukaryotes


  Organisms whose cells have a nucleus
• Ribosome


  A structure made of rRNA that builds proteins during translation
• tRNA


  Transfer RNA, carries amino acids to the ribosome during translation
• Amino acid


  The monomer (building block) of proteins
• Codon


  A sequence of three mRNA bases that codes for a specific amino acid
• Anticodon


  The complementary sequence on tRNA that pairs with the mRNA codon
• The AUG codon on mRNA codes for the amino acid methionine, which is typically the first amino acid in proteins
• There can be multiple codons that code for the same amino acid
• Stop codon


  A codon on mRNA that does not code for an amino acid, but signals the end of protein synthesis
• Protein folding and modification may occur after translation, depending on the protein's structure and function