Bio. Mitosis & Meiosis

• Anaphase (image)

  
• Prophase (image)

  
• Metaphase (image)

  
• Interphase (image)

  
• Telophase (image)

  
• Prophase (description)


  Condenses into chromosomes, nuclear envelope breaks down, spindle fibers form
• Metaphase (description)


  Chromosomes line up along the equator of the cell
• Anaphase (description )


  Spindle fibers shorten and pull apart sister chromatids
• Telophase (description)


  Nuclear membrane starts to reform, spindle fibers fall apart
• Cytokinesis


  Division of the cytoplasm
• Growth and repair of somatic cells

  Purpose of Mitiosis
• Make sex cells


  Purpose of Meiosis
• Somatic cells


  type of cells where mitosis occurs
• Sex cells


  meiosis occurs to make these type of cells
• 2 diploid (2n) daughter cells


  Number of daughter cells in mitosis
• 4 haploid (n) daughter cells


  Number of daughter cells in meiosis
• Same as parent


  Number of chromosomes in mitosis
• Half of parent


  Number of chromosomes in meiosis
• 1 division


  Number of divisions in mitosis
• 2 divisions


  Number of divisions in meiosis
• Asexual reproduction


  Process by which offspring are produced from a single parent, no variation (except mutations)
• Binary Fission


  Asexual reproduction in which a single-celled organism divides into two equal parts, such as bacteria
• Centromere


  Where sister chromatids attach to one another (Center of a chromosome)
• Chromatid


  One half of a duplicated chromosome
• Chromatin


  Loose combination of DNA and protein that is present during interphase
• Chromosome


  Long continuous thread of DNA that consists of numerous genes and regulatory information
• Cancer


  A class of diseases characterized by uncontrolled cell division
• Diploid


  Cell that has two copies of each chromosome
• Fertilization


  Fusion of an egg and sperm
• Gamete


  Sex Cell
• Haploid


  Cell that only has one copy of each chromosome
• Homologous Chromosomes


  Chromosomes that have the same length, appearance, and have copies of genes, although the allele may not be the same
• Meiosis


  Form of nuclear division that divides a diploid cell into haploid cells; important for forming gametes
• Mitosis


  Process by which a cell divides its nucleus and contents
• Sexual Reproduction


  Process by which two gametes fuse and offspring that are a genetic mixture of both parents are produced
• Somatic


  Body Cell are also called _____ cells
• Stem Cell


  Cell that can divide for long periods of time while remaining undifferentiated
• Gametes


  Haploid example
• Somatic cells (liver, skin, muscle, etc.)

  example of somatic cells (diploid)
• 46 (23 pairs)


  Number of chromosomes in humans