Taxonomy

• Carl Linnaeus

  • Born on May 23, 1797 in Sweden
  • Father of Taxonomy
  • known for his notable contributions
• Hierarchy

  • classifying organisms
• Description System

  • functions and and structure of plants
  • for plant anatomy and morphology
• Descriptions of plant species

  • helpful for floral species
• Binomial nomenclature

  • helpful for naming newly discovered organisms
• These notable contributions helps create new medicine, and edible food
• Notable contributions by Carl:

  1. Hieracrchy
  2. Description System
  3. Descriptions of plant species
  4. Binomial Nomenclature
• Taxon

  • regardless of rank, describes a certain set of organisms that have been grouped together on the basis of their similarities
• Taxon - singular

  Taxa - plural
• Linnaeus proposed a classification system based on taxonomic hierarchy

  This system has been modified since Linnaeus’ initial proposal
• The concept of taxa

  • identifying organisms through physical characteristics, similarities and differences
• Ranks of hierarchy: inclusive to exclusive

  1. Domain
  2. Kingdom
  3. Phylum
  4. Class
  5. Order
  6. Family
  7. Genus
  8. Species
• Domains are the highest level of organization within the hierarchical system.
• scientific name of fox: vulpes vulpes
• Domain has three major parts:

  1. Bacteria
  2. Archaea
  3. Eukarya
• Kingdom has three major parts:

  1. Plantae
  2. Animalia
  3. Fungi
• Phyla is plural form of phylum
• In family, usually ends with -ae
• Linnaeus' binomial nomenclature uses two names to identify an organism: genus and species
• Classification - scientists follow specific steps to classify organisms into groups based on shared characteristics.
• Steps of classification

  1. Comparison, Description
  2. Molecular Evidence Analysis
  3. Naming
  4. Classification
• Comparison, Description - compares and describes the characteristics of a newly discovered organism
• Molecular evidence analysis - analyzes DNA sequences or other molecular data to determine relationships among organisms
• Classification - places the new group within existing taxonomic categories based on its similarities to known groups
• Naming - assigns scientific names (binomials) to the new group according to established rules
• Binomial nomenclature - the naming of organisms using the genus and species (two names)
• Rules in writing Binomial Names

  1. Italicized (if digital)
  2. Underline (when handwritten, not include the space)
  3. Capitalization
• Naming

  • binomial names are usually derived from Latin
• Authority

  • a scientific name should include the author’s name
• Linnaean System

  • still widely used in researches
  • classifying organisms into hierarchial
• Benefits of Linnaean System:

  1. Uniqueness
  2. Uniformity
  3. Organization
• Benefits of LS

  Uniqueness - a scientific name can refer to one species of organisms and that species only
• Benefits of LS

  Uniformity - use of a binomial name is universal, used by the scientific community all around the world
• Benefits of LS

  Organization - the use of ranks also provides organization regarding the relationship between organisms
• ICZN is for animals

  ICN is for plants
• Phylum is for animals while Division is for plants
• International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN)

  • This convention governs the nomenclature of animals
• International Code of Nomenclature for Algae Fungi, and Plants (ICN)

  • This convention governs the nomenclature of plants.
• Latin

  • This language is the most commonly used for binomial names.
• Domain

  • the highest rank in the hierarchy of classification.