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BIO 200
Taxonomy
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Kent Catubig
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Carl Linnaeus
Born on
May 23
,
1797
in Sweden
Father of Taxonomy
known for his notable contributions
Hierarchy
classifying organisms
Description System
functions and and structure of plants
for plant anatomy and morphology
Descriptions of
plant
species
helpful for floral species
Binomial nomenclature
helpful for naming newly discovered organisms
These notable contributions helps create new
medicine
, and
edible food
Notable contributions by Carl:
Hieracrchy
Description
System
Descriptions of
plant species
Binomial
Nomenclature
Taxon
regardless of rank, describes a certain set of organisms that have been grouped together on the basis of their similarities
Taxon
- singular
Taxa
- plural
Linnaeus proposed a
classification
system based on taxonomic hierarchy
This system has been
modified
since Linnaeus’ initial proposal
The concept of taxa
identifying organisms through
physical characteristics
,
similarities
and differences
Ranks of hierarchy: inclusive to exclusive
Domain
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
Domains
are the highest level of organization within the hierarchical system.
scientific name of fox:
vulpes vulpes
Domain has three major parts:
Bacteria
Archaea
Eukarya
Kingdom has three major parts:
Plantae
Animalia
Fungi
Phyla
is plural form of phylum
In family, usually ends with
-ae
Linnaeus' binomial nomenclature uses two names to identify an organism:
genus
and
species
Classification
- scientists follow specific steps to classify organisms into groups based on shared characteristics.
Steps of classification
Comparison,
Description
Molecular
Evidence Analysis
Naming
Classification
Comparison,
Description
- compares and describes the characteristics of a newly discovered organism
Molecular
evidence
analysis
- analyzes DNA sequences or other molecular data to determine relationships among organisms
Classification
- places the new group within existing taxonomic categories based on its similarities to known groups
Naming
- assigns scientific names (binomials) to the new group according to established rules
Binomial nomenclature
- the naming of organisms using the genus and species (two names)
Rules in writing Binomial Names
Italicized
(if digital)
Underline
(when handwritten, not include the space)
Capitalization
Naming
binomial names are usually derived from Latin
Authority
a scientific name should include the author’s name
Linnaean System
still widely used in researches
classifying organisms into hierarchial
Benefits of Linnaean System:
Uniqueness
Uniformity
Organization
Benefits of LS
Uniqueness
- a scientific name can refer to one species of organisms and that species only
Benefits of LS
Uniformity
- use of a binomial name is universal, used by the scientific community all around the world
Benefits of LS
Organization
- the use of ranks also provides organization regarding the relationship between organisms
ICZN is for
animals
ICN is for
plants
Phylum
is for animals while
Division
is for plants
International Code of
Zoological
Nomenclature (
ICZN
)
This convention governs the nomenclature of animals
International Code of Nomenclature for
Algae
Fungi
, and
Plants
(
ICN
)
This convention governs the nomenclature of plants.
Latin
This language is the most commonly used for binomial names.
Domain
the highest rank in the hierarchy of classification.
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