Taxonomy

Cards (48)

  • Carl Linnaeus
    • Born on May 23, 1797 in Sweden
    • Father of Taxonomy
    • known for his notable contributions
  • Hierarchy
    • classifying organisms
  • Description System
    • functions and and structure of plants
    • for plant anatomy and morphology
  • Descriptions of plant species
    • helpful for floral species
  • Binomial nomenclature
    • helpful for naming newly discovered organisms
  • These notable contributions helps create new medicine, and edible food
  • Notable contributions by Carl:
    1. Hieracrchy
    2. Description System
    3. Descriptions of plant species
    4. Binomial Nomenclature
  • Taxon
    • regardless of rank, describes a certain set of organisms that have been grouped together on the basis of their similarities
  • Taxon - singular
    Taxa - plural
  • Linnaeus proposed a classification system based on taxonomic hierarchy
    This system has been modified since Linnaeus’ initial proposal
  • The concept of taxa
    • identifying organisms through physical characteristics, similarities and differences
  • Ranks of hierarchy: inclusive to exclusive
    1. Domain
    2. Kingdom
    3. Phylum
    4. Class
    5. Order
    6. Family
    7. Genus
    8. Species
  • Domains are the highest level of organization within the hierarchical system.
  • scientific name of fox: vulpes vulpes
  • Domain has three major parts:
    1. Bacteria
    2. Archaea
    3. Eukarya
  • Kingdom has three major parts:
    1. Plantae
    2. Animalia
    3. Fungi
  • Phyla is plural form of phylum
  • In family, usually ends with -ae
  • Linnaeus' binomial nomenclature uses two names to identify an organism: genus and species
  • Classification - scientists follow specific steps to classify organisms into groups based on shared characteristics.
  • Steps of classification
    1. Comparison, Description
    2. Molecular Evidence Analysis
    3. Naming
    4. Classification
  • Comparison, Description - compares and describes the characteristics of a newly discovered organism
  • Molecular evidence analysis - analyzes DNA sequences or other molecular data to determine relationships among organisms
  • Classification - places the new group within existing taxonomic categories based on its similarities to known groups
  • Naming - assigns scientific names (binomials) to the new group according to established rules
  • Binomial nomenclature - the naming of organisms using the genus and species (two names)
  • Rules in writing Binomial Names
    1. Italicized (if digital)
    2. Underline (when handwritten, not include the space)
    3. Capitalization
  • Naming
    • binomial names are usually derived from Latin
  • Authority
    • a scientific name should include the author’s name
  • Linnaean System
    • still widely used in researches
    • classifying organisms into hierarchial
  • Benefits of Linnaean System:
    1. Uniqueness
    2. Uniformity
    3. Organization
  • Benefits of LS
    Uniqueness - a scientific name can refer to one species of organisms and that species only
  • Benefits of LS
    Uniformity - use of a binomial name is universal, used by the scientific community all around the world
  • Benefits of LS
    Organization - the use of ranks also provides organization regarding the relationship between organisms
  • ICZN is for animals
    ICN is for plants
  • Phylum is for animals while Division is for plants
  • International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN)
    • This convention governs the nomenclature of animals
  • International Code of Nomenclature for Algae Fungi, and Plants (ICN)
    • This convention governs the nomenclature of plants.
  • Latin
    • This language is the most commonly used for binomial names.
  • Domain
    • the highest rank in the hierarchy of classification.