COMBINATIONS

• Judaism is one of the oldest monotheistic religions in the world that originated in WEST ASIA
• Jews

  The "PEOPLE OF THE BOOK" in reference to their sacred text written
• Jews consider themselves

  The PEOPLE CHOSEN BY GOD to serve as an exemplar to devotion and purity to humankind
• Countries with sizable Jewish populations

  • Israel
  • North America (United States and Canada)
  • Central Europe
  • France
  • United Kingdom
  • Russia
  • Argentina
  • Germany
  • Australia
• The first five books of the Hebrew Bible (the Pentateuch)

  • Genesis
  • Exodus
  • Leviticus
  • Numbers
  • Deuteronomy
• Jewish patriarchs

  • Abraham
  • Isaac
  • Jacob
• God in Judaism


  One everlasting god who created the universe in its entirety and remains the master of it
• Ways God can communicate with humans

  • Revelations
  • Prayers
  • Meditations
• 13 Articles of Faith in Judaism


  • Written by the rabbi Maimonides in the 12th century CE
• The Ten Commandments

  • I shall have no other gods before me
  • Thou shalt not make unto thee any graven image
  • Thou shall not take the name of the lord thy god in vain
  • Remember the sabbath day to keep it holy
  • Honor thy father and thy mother
  • Thou shall not kill
  • Thou shall not commit adultery
  • Thou shall not steal
  • Thou shall not bear false witness against thy neighbor
  • Thou shall not covet
• Mitzvot


  618 laws found within the Torah that guide the Jewish people in their daily living
• Sabbath (Shabbat)


  The most important day in the Jewish calendar which commemorates God's completion of the creation of the universe and his rest after the six-day toil
• Days of Awe (Yamim Noraim)

  The 10-days of repentance and renewal that begin at sunset with Rosh Hashanah (Jewish New Year) and close with Yom Kippur (Day of Atonement)
• Three pilgrimage festivals in Judaism

  • Pesach (Passover)
  • Shavuot (Weeks or Pentecost)
  • Sukkot (Tabernacles)
• Passover (Pesach)


  An 8 day festival that originally marked the beginning of the barley harvest
• Pentecost (Shavuot)


  A 2 day festival that was originally a celebration of the wheat harvest, and now commemorates the revelation of the Torah or the Law to Moses at Mount Sinai
• Tabernacles (Sukkot)

  A 9 day festival commemorating the autumn harvest and the 40 years that the Jews spent in the desert on their way to the Promised Land, and celebrates the way in which God protected them under difficult desert conditions
• Other important events in the Jewish calendar

  • Hanukkah (Festival of Lights or Feast of Dedication)
  • Purim (Feast of Esther)
• memorate the revelation of the Torah or the Law to Moses at Mount Sinai
• Temporary booths or structures (SUKKAH)


  • Built in homes with a roof through which one can see the stars in the sky
  • An attempt to recreate Israeli life in the desert
• HANUKKAH (FESTIVAL LIGHTS or FEAST OF DEDICATION)


  A celebration to commemorate the victory of jewish fighters against the SELEUCID EMPIRE in 165 B.C.E
• Menorah


  What you call the candles
• PURIM (FEAST OF ESTHER)


  One of the most fun holidays celebrated by the jewish people wherein they commemorate the day Esther, Queen of Persia, saved the jewish people from execution by Haman, the advisor to the Persian King
• JEWISH MONTHS AND FESTIVALS

  • NISAN (March or April)
  • IYYAR (April or May)
  • SIVAN (May or June)
  • TISHRI (September or October)
  • KISLEV (November or December)
  • ADAR (February or March)
• HALAKHA (THE PATH THAT ONE WALKS)


  • Jewish religious laws derived from the written and oral torah including the 613 mitzvot
  • Contains directions on how to revere God and treat other people and animals
  • Instructs jews what to do as they wake up in the morning, what food to eat, what clothes to wear, who to marry, and how to observe sabbath and holy days
  • When properly observed, halakha increases one's spirituality as even mundane acts become essential to his or her existence
• SYNAGOGUES


  Jewish temples of worship, instruction, and community fellowship that contain separate rooms designed for specific activities, such as PRAYING and STUDYING
• TEMPLE


  Another significant place for the jews wherein they can worship
• ABRAM to ABRAHAM


  Means "The father of many nations"
• SARAI to SARAH


  Means "princess or noblewoman"
• In the beginning of exodus, a woman from Levi's tribe, JOCHEBED, secretly placed her youngest child in a woven basket and sent him down the NILE RIVER
• The pharaoh's daughter, BITHIA, found the child, rescued him, and reared him as her own
• Jochebed volunteered to nurse the child, now named MOSES, who was raised within the Egyptian royal family
• HEBREW BIBLE (TANAKH OR MIKRA)


  Has been the authority, guide and inspiration of the many forms of Judaism
• HEBREW BIBLE is divided into 3 principal sections

  • Torah
  • Nevi'im
  • Ketuvim
• TORAH (TEACHINGS)

  • Composed of the 5 BOOKS or the PENTATEUCH
  • Containing basic laws for jewish self-understanding
  • The pentateuch also narrates the history, religious statues, and moral regulations for individuals and society, ceremonial rites and creation stories by Yahweh and the origin and growth of mankind
• NEVI'IM (PROPHETS)


  • Subdivided into earlier prophets, later prophets, and 12 minor prophets
  • Prophets served as spokespersons who criticize the hypocritical practices of jewish rituals
  • They were specifically chosen by God to preach his message to the people
• KETUVIM (WRITINGS)


  Contains works on poetry, temple ritual, private prayer, philosophical explorations, and other canonical works
• TALMUD (STUDY)


  • An authoritative collection of rabbinic interpretations of the sacred scriptures. It contains materials of law and moral codes
  • Also a foundation of religious thought and inspiration
• MISHNAH (REPETITION)


  • The written and compiled version of the Talmud
  • A restatement of the law by a respected opinion
• FIRST TEMPLE (SOLOMON'S TEMPLE)


  • Built in jerusalem around 1000 B.C.E
  • Within the temple, the most important room was the "holy of holies" where the ARK OF THE COVENANT was kept. The ark contained the tablets of the Ten Commandments and the Pentateuch