Apush Review

• Native American Civilization in North America

  Iroquois, Pueblo, Southeast (Creek, Cherokee), Great Plains (Sioux)
• Columbian Exchange


  Transfer of plants, animals, diseases, technology and culture between the Old World (African and Europe) and the New World (the Americas)

  
• Encomienda


  In the Spanish colonies, the grant to a Spanish settler of a certain number of Indian subjects, who would pay him tribute in goods and labor

  
• Pueblo (Pope's) Revolt


  an uprising of the indigenous peoples of Pueblo against the Spanish who had colonized the area today known as New Mexico

  
• European motivations in the New World

  God, Glory, Gold
• Royal Charter


  a formal document giving a group or individual the right to establish a colony (ex. Virginia)
• Proprietary Colonies


  a colony in which the British crown owned all the land and divided it among proprietors who had full governing rights (ex. New York and Pennsylvania)
• Charter Colonies


  Colonies that were granted a charter with established rules (ex. Rhode Island, Connecticut and Massachusetts)

  
• Chesapeake


  Region including Virginia and Maryland

  
• Roanoke


  a colony established in the Chesapeake that disappeared three years after the last shipment of supplies

  
• Jamestown, Virginia Company


  the first permanent English settlement in the Americas, located in the territory of the Powhatan Confederacy
• John Smith


  English explorer who was a founder of Jamestown and a leader of the Virginia colony

  
• Powhatans


  Native American people in Virginia who initially tried to help the settlers of Jamestown

  
• John Rolfe


  early English settler who began cultivation of tobacco in the Chesapeake and married Pocahontas, the daughter of the Powhatan chief

  
• Tobacco


  the cultivation and export of this cash crop was an important part of the economy in the Chesapeake

  
• House of Burgesses


  The legislature of colonial Virginia. First organized in 1619, it was the fist institution of representative government in the English colonies.

  
• Headright System


  a system in which land was legally granted to settlers in exchange for paying the transportation costs of an indentured servant
• Indentured Servitude


  Individuals who were contracted to serve a master for a period of four to seven years in return for payment of the servant's passage to America.

  
• Bacon's Rebellion (1675-1676)


  Violent conflict in Virginia beginning with settler attacks on Indians but culminating in a rebellion led by Nathaniel Bacon against Virginia's government.
• Anglican Church


  A reformed version of the Church of England. Members in American came to be known as the Pilgrims.
• Maryland


  Colony founded by the Calvert family (Lord Baltimore) as a refuge for Catholic settlers

  
• Maryland Act of Toleration, 1739


  A law mandating religious tolerance for Christians. Religious persecution of Christians was prohibited.
• Plymouth


  Settlement in Massachusetts founded by Anglicans

  
• Pilgrims


  Separatists. Settlers of Plymouth Colony who viewed themselves as spiritual wanderers.
• Pequot War (1637)


  Conflict between English settlers and Pequot Indians over control of land and trade in eastern Connecticut.

  
• King Philip's War (1675-1676)


  Conflict in New England between Wampanoags, Narragansetts, and other Indian peoples against English settlers. Sparked by English encroachments on native lands.

  
• Mayflower Compact


  The first document of self-government in North American.

  
• Puritans


  Non-Separatists. Individuals who believed that Queen Elizabeth's reforms of the Church of England had not gone far enough in improving the church. Led the settlement of Massachusetts Bay Colony.
• Massachusetts Bay Colony


  A settlement in Massachusetts Bay founded by a group of wealthy Puritans who were granted a royal charter in 1629.

  
• John Winthrop "A City upon a Hill"


  Biblical phrase used by John Winthrop to encourage colonists to be an example of faith. An example of American exceptionalism.

  
• Model of Christian Charity

  A sermon by John Winthrop that encouraged Massachusetts Bay Colonists to set an example of unity to the world.
• Calvinism


  A major branch of Protestantism which believes that God predestined some people (the elect) to be saved
• Predestination


  The belief that God decided at the moment of Creation which humans would achieve salvation (Calvinist doctrine)
• Congregational Church


  Protestant churches that are autonomous and independent
• Toleration Act


  Act passed in 1661 by King Charles II ordering a stop to religious persecution in Massachusetts.
• Townhall Meetings


  A form of local government in which the members of a community come together to make laws and discuss budgets
• Massachusett School Laws


  Legislative acts in the Massachusetts Bay Colony that took the first steps towards compulsory public education in the US.
• Halfway Covenant


  Partial church membership that allowed individuals without a conversion experience to participate in the church without being allowed to vote or take communion.

  
• Anne Hutchinson


  A Puritan who was excommunicated for her theological beliefs and is today known as a crusader for religious toleration.

  
• Salem Witch Trials


  A series of trials and executions of people accused of witchcraft in colonial Massachusetts.