SS Rev in France1

• Bourgeoisie: The middle class in the French society
• Louis XIV:

  • was a narcissist, ruled from 1643-1715 as an absolute monarch
  • nicknamed "sun king" and believed bro was light of nation
  • built the castle of Versailles and forced nobles to live with him
• Louis XIV part 2:

  • judgement/word was law, wasted money on wars with the Dutch while living lavishly
  • interested in only promoting his own interests and expanding French territory
  • made rights from the roman Catholic Church
• Louis XV:

  • took the throne at 5 years old, was similar to Louis XIV
  • ruled from 1715-1774
• Louis XVI:

  • lived lavishly while the people were suffering(did little to improve conditions), taxed everyone heavily to pay for this lifestyle
  • ruled 1774-1792, Was unfair with his citizens, last king of France
• Marie Antoinette:

  • hated by citizens, member of Austria royalty(austria was enemy to france)
  • lived lavishly, wasted money on hairstyles and beauty, loved fine things
  • ruled from 1774-1793, picked people based solely on looks
• Enlightenment: A period of time in which people began to think more critically about the world around them rather than using religions and superstitions. Happened from 1685-1815.
• JJ Rousseau: A philosopher in the early enlightenment that helped in the revolution. He believed that Society needed a social contract for civilization to improve. He lived from 1712-1778.
• Bardon de Montesquieu: A philosopher in the early enlightenment. He believed that the ruler had to work with elected officials. He lived from 1689-1755.
• Voltaire: A philosopher in the early enlightenment. He was against the Church. He had lived from 1694-1778.
• The Big Three:

  • Baron de Montesquieu, JJ Rousseau, Voltaire
  • were privileged people with education
  • Voltaire got exiled from the country many times because he published items that hurt government
• The Estates General was split into two groups:

  • one side supported a King with changes
  • another side supported Marie Antoinette and more power to the nobles.
• Industrial Revolution(1760-1860) has put peasants out of work leaving people starving and families being broken up.
• Estates General:

  • parliament, meets only with royal command, took place in palace of Versailles
  • First and Second Estate had more power combined than Third Estate even though them combined was 3% of population
  • First Estate: Clergy, Second Estate: Nobles/Aristocrats, Third Estate: Bourgeoisie
• National Assembly(1789-1791):

  • led by Count Mirabeau of the Third Estate,
  • took the Tennis Court Oath which is an oath stating that they will not stop meeting until France formed a new, proper government
  • they had represented the third estate, and they believed that they were the better government
  • later called the National Convention during execution of Monarchs
• Fall of the Bastille:

  • the royal prison, happened in 1789
  • Rioters attacked prisons to free prisoners and steal arms, were successful in doing so which had frightened Louis XVI
  • symbolizes Royal despotism(absolutism) and the fall symbolized the peoples ability to defy the king.
• The Great Fear(1787): Peasants who had stormed the aristocrats and burned all docs and contracts linked to possession of land.
• The Women's March(1789): A March of Women to the Bastille to protest the arrest of Marquis de Lafayette and for the Monarchs to be sent to Paris.
• Empiricism: the theory that all knowledge is based on experience derived from the senses. Stimulated by the rise of experimental science, it developed in the 17th and 18th centuries, expounded in particular by John Locke.
• National Guard: an army of citizen soldiers who are called to serve in times of national emergency
• Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen:

  • a bill that set out basic/equal human rights that governments cannot overlook
  • inspired by the ideas of the big 3
  • guaranteed freedom of thought, speech, religion, security, and property.
  • represented sovereignty of Man, king wasnt included
• The National Assembly(1789) had taken away the powers and banished the old feudal system. They considered everyone as equal citizens. Louis tried to run away but was captured and forced to agree to these terms.
• Legislative Assembly had many groups wanting to seek power(1789)
• Radicals: a group that had wanted a republic
• Moderates: a group that had wanted a constitutional monarchy
• Monarchists: The Monarchs and nobles who had wanted to restore the monarchy
• (1788) Political crisis, shortage of food, and bad weather had devastated people in France and had caused riots.
• Maximilien Robespierre: 1758-1794, leader of the Jacobins, wanted to destroy the old order and replace it with a new one. He was a deputy for the National Assembly. His goal was to destroy the power of the Catholic Church.
• Georges Danton: A leader of the sans culottes, he was executed in 1794. He had assisted in the overthrow of the monarchy and the establishment of French Republic due to his incredible ideas.
• JP Marat: was stabbed to death in 1793. Was a politician and leader of Montagnard Faction. Was apart of the Jacobin bloc
• Girondists: A group of French aristocrats who supported the constitution and opposed the Girondins. They were more conservative
• Jacobins: A group of radicals who wanted to overthrow the monarchy and replace it with a republic.
• Sans-Culottes: A group of young men who were opposed to the monarchy and the aristocracy. They were mostly poor people from Paris and led by JP marat
• JP Marat, Jacques Danton, and Maximilien Robespierre were the radical leaders who wanted to bring the kind to trial and kill monarchy
• Reign of Terror: 1793-1794, when the French government used terror to eliminate opponents(girondists). Robespierre made France powerful under his dictatorship. After he was guillotined, the middle class had taken control.