Ss

Cards (29)

  • Jefferson was born
    April 3 1743
  • The declaration was made
    July 4 1776
  • Jefferson died
    July 4 1826
  • 3 contradictions about Jefferson:
  • Wanted natural right for everyone
    But owned slaves
  • Born into and got a lot of money
    But he also was a big fan of farmers and not rich/fancy people
  • Wanted to strictly follow the constitution
    But still bought the Louisiana territory
  • 4 policies of Jefferson's presidency:
    • Anti elitist (didn't like rich/fancy people)
    • Democratic-republicans won senate and house + let the alien act expire
    • Make the navy smaller and spend less money on the navy
    • Make the fed gov smaller and get rid of people working in it
  • In John Adams' last days as president (he's a federalist) he passed Judiciary Act of 1801 adding 16 new judges (all federal) and getting rid of some Supreme Court justices
  • James Madison, who is already the president, refuses to sign the Judiciary Act of 1801
  • Marbury, one of the 16 judges, thinks he will win the case against Madison because the head of the Supreme Court is a federalist appointed by Adams
  • The judge said they have to change the law (Judiciary Act of 1789) because it is unconstitutional. This set a precedent (a new idea that people keep doing)
  • In the end, the head of the court (Chief Justice Marshall) didn't make Madison give the papers
  • Supreme Court justice takes Madison side cuz he thinks the act is against the constitution and changes it
  • Why is this case so famous?
    • First time the Supreme Court justice was a non-partisan
    • First time the Supreme Court went back and evaluate federal laws act found to be in conflict with the constitution
  • At first Jefferson and Adam's were friends

    • Then when they were president and vice president they were enemy's
    • Then later in their life they became friends again
  • WESTWARD EXPANSION
    • Mississippi River
    • Louisiana territory
    • Tennessee
    • Kentucky
    • Appalachian Mountains
    • Boundaries of the US: Mississippi River to Appalachian Mountains
  • New Orleans
    Very important waterway for USA, used to ship goods out of the Gulf of Mexico
  • France needed money to fight Britain
    So they sold the Louisiana territory for 15 million
  • At first Jefferson didn't want to buy the Louisiana territory because he thought it was unconstitutional
  • But he bought it since it doubled the size of the USA and it stopped them from bordering a military power like France
  • Lewis and Clark
    • Led the Corps of Discovery to explore the new land
    • Sacagawea helped guide them
  • Causes of the War of 1812
    • Pirates steal cargo and hold crew for ransom on American ships
    • GB and France go to war, both pass laws to prevent America from supplying goods to adversary
    • British Impressment: under the pretext of searching for British deserters-stopping of ships and capture of American sailors who were forced to serve in British army/navy
    • Native Americans aim to gather together and form "The Great Indian Nation" under Tecumseh, Britain helps to arm the Native Americans
  • Effects of the War of 1812
    • America sent warships to enforce the laws, both sides search American ships
    • America passed the Embargo Act in 1807 banning all foreign trade, American ships could not sail to foreign ports
    • Merchants and especially Northern State merchant economy is hit hard
    • Damaged Jefferson's popularity
    • Strengthened Federalist party
    • Led to the Non-Intercourse Act-limited the Embargo act by restricting trade on Britain, France and their colonies but restored trade with OTHER foreign countries
    • Americans attack and win, Tecumseh flees to Canada
  • War Hawks
    People who want war (Democratic-Republican in this case)
  • Reasons Federalists didn't want war
    • They wanted to renew trade
    • They were scared that their army was smaller than Britain's
    • They thought France was the bigger enemy
  • Madison became president after Jefferson and the war of 1812 happened
  • Phases of the War of 1812
    • Phase 4: British defeated France and send more troops to America, the British were raiding and burning towns in April they burned Washington, D.C. and the White House and other government buildings
    • Phase 5: After burning D.C. the British tried to capture New Orleans, Andrew Jackson commanded the US forces to surround New Orleans and they won, this war made Andrew Jackson a hero and was the last major conflict of the war of 1812
  • Treaty of Ghent
    • This was a victory for American patriots
    • Federalist lost much of its political power
    • This broke the strength and resistance of the native Americans
    • They tried to get people to trade more because during the war they couldn't trade but now they can so more people are trading