But he also was a big fan offarmers and not rich/fancy people
Wanted to strictly follow the constitution
But still bought the Louisiana territory
4 policies of Jefferson's presidency:
Anti elitist (didn't like rich/fancy people)
Democratic-republicans won senate and house + let the alien act expire
Make the navy smaller and spend less money on the navy
Make the fed gov smaller and get rid of people working in it
In John Adams' last days as president (he's a federalist) he passed Judiciary Act of 1801 adding 16 new judges (all federal) and getting rid of some Supreme Court justices
James Madison, who is already the president, refuses to sign the Judiciary Act of 1801
Marbury, one of the 16 judges, thinks he will win the case against Madison because the head of the Supreme Court is a federalist appointed by Adams
The judge said they have to change the law (Judiciary Act of 1789) because it is unconstitutional. This set a precedent (a new idea that people keep doing)
In the end, the head of the court (Chief Justice Marshall) didn't make Madison give the papers
Supreme Court justice takes Madison side cuz he thinks the act is against the constitution and changes it
Why is this case so famous?
First time the Supreme Court justice was a non-partisan
First time the Supreme Court went back and evaluate federal laws act found to be in conflict with the constitution
At first Jefferson and Adam's were friends
Then when they were president and vice president they were enemy's
Then later in their life they became friends again
WESTWARD EXPANSION
Mississippi River
Louisiana territory
Tennessee
Kentucky
Appalachian Mountains
Boundaries of the US: Mississippi River to Appalachian Mountains
New Orleans
Very important waterway for USA, used to ship goods out of the Gulf of Mexico
France needed money to fight Britain
So they sold the Louisiana territory for 15 million
At first Jefferson didn't want to buy the Louisiana territory because he thought it was unconstitutional
But he bought it since it doubled the size of the USA and it stopped them from bordering a military power like France
Lewis and Clark
Led the Corps of Discovery to explore the new land
Sacagawea helped guide them
Causes of the War of 1812
Pirates steal cargo and hold crew for ransom on American ships
GB and France go to war, both pass laws to prevent America from supplying goods to adversary
British Impressment: under the pretext of searching for British deserters-stopping of ships and capture of American sailors who were forced to serve in British army/navy
Native Americans aim to gather together and form "The Great Indian Nation" under Tecumseh, Britain helps to arm the Native Americans
Effects of the War of 1812
America sent warships to enforce the laws, both sides search American ships
America passed the Embargo Act in 1807 banning all foreign trade, American ships could not sail to foreign ports
Merchants and especially Northern State merchant economy is hit hard
Damaged Jefferson's popularity
Strengthened Federalist party
Led to the Non-Intercourse Act-limited the Embargo act by restricting trade on Britain, France and their colonies but restored trade with OTHER foreign countries
Americans attack and win, Tecumseh flees to Canada
War Hawks
People who want war (Democratic-Republican in this case)
Reasons Federalists didn't want war
They wanted to renew trade
They were scared that their army was smaller than Britain's
They thought France was the bigger enemy
Madison became president after Jefferson and the war of 1812 happened
Phases of the War of 1812
Phase 4: British defeated France and send more troops to America, the British were raiding and burning towns in April they burned Washington, D.C. and the White House and other government buildings
Phase 5: After burning D.C. the British tried to capture New Orleans, Andrew Jackson commanded the US forces to surround New Orleans and they won, this war made Andrew Jackson a hero and was the last major conflict of the war of 1812
Treaty of Ghent
This was a victory for American patriots
Federalist lost much of its political power
This broke the strength and resistance of the native Americans
They tried to get people to trade more because during the war they couldn't trade but now they can so more people are trading