THAILAND

    Cards (22)

    • Geographical influences
      • Country in Southeast Asia
      • Bangkok is the capital city
      • Area of 513,000 square kilometers
      • Borders Myanmar and Laos (NORTH)
      • Borders Laos and Cambodia (EAST)
      • Gulf of Thailand and Malaysia (SOUTH)
      • Andaman Sea and Myanmar (WEST)
      • Six different types of terrain
    • Geographical influences
      • Mountains and Plains of the North
      • Central Plains
      • Northeastern Plateaus
      • High Mountains of the West
      • Mountains and Coastal Plains of the East
      • Mountains, Plateaus, Coastal Plains and Islands of the South
    • Geological influences
      • Wood was used extensively in early Thai architecture
      • Sandstone was utilized in many Sukhothai buildings
      • Brick replaced sandstone as a primary building material in the 12th century
      • Stucco was used to cover the brick core
    • Climatic influences
      Tropical climate influenced by seasonal monsoon winds
    • Southwest Monsoon (May to October)
      Rainy season, especially in central, northern, and northeastern regions
    • Northeast Monsoon (November to February)

      Cooler and drier weather, rainy season in the south
    • Climatic influences
      • Northern Thailand tends to be cooler
      • Coastal areas prone to tropical storms and cyclones
    • Construction materials
      Structural materials: cement and steel
      Ornamental materials: ceramic tiles and sanitary wares
    • Thai roofs
      • Multi-layered, colorful enameled tiles
      Ribbed roofs decorated richly
      High slope helps keep indoor air cooler in summer and water drifts easily in rain
    • Social influences
      Influenced by Buddhism, Hinduism, Myanmar, Laos, China, and India
    • Buddhist influence

      • Prominent features: pagodas, Buddha images, symbolic elements
    • Regional diversity
      • Architectural styles influenced by local traditions, materials, and climatic conditions
    • Notable temples - Sukhothai period

      • Wat Mahathat
      Wat Si Sawai
    • Notable temples - Ayutthaya period

      • Wat Phra Si Sanphet
      Wat Chaiwatthanaram
    • Notable temples - Rattanakosin period

      • Wat Phra Kaew (Temple of the Emerald Buddha)
      Wat Pho (Temple of the Reclining Buddha)
    • Notable temples - Lanna period
      • Wat Phra That Doi Suthep
      Wat Chedi Luang
    • Thai architectural style has been influenced primarily by Indian and Khmer architecture, although China and other countries have had an impact as well
    • Most early Thai architecture was built of wood and has since disappeared, but many stone temples remain
    • In the twelfth century, brick replaced sandstone as a primary building material, mortared with vegetable glue and sheathed in stone
    • Religious influences
      Buddhism is the largest religion in Thailand, practiced by roughly 94% of the population
      Theravada Buddhism is the predominant religion
    • Religious influences
      • Temples (wats) serve as focal points for religious activities and community gatherings
      Other religious minorities include Islam, Christianity, and Hinduism
    • Notable temples
      • Wat Phra Kaew (Temple of the Emerald Buddha)
      Wat Arun (Temple of Dawn)
      Wat Pho (Temple of the Reclining Buddha)
      Wat Phra That Doi Suthep
      Wat Rong Khun (White Temple)
      Wat Benchamabophit (Marble Temple)
      Wat Saket (Golden Mount)
      Wat Phra Singh
      Wat Chedi Luang
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