PPG

• A bill of rights be defined as a declaration and enumeration of a person's right and privilege which the constitution is designed to protect against violations by the government, or by individual or groups of individual
• Bill is rights it is a charter of liberties for the individual and a limitation upon the power of the state
• The rights that a citizen of a democratic state enjoys may be classified into :

  Natural rights

  Constitutional rights

  Statutory rights
• Natural rights They are those rights possessed by every citizen without being granted by the State for they are given to man by God as a human being created to His image so that he may live a happy life.
• Constitutional rights They are those rights which are conferred and protected by the Constitution. Since they are part of the fundamental law, they cannot be modified or taken away by the law-making body
• Statutory rights They are those rights which are provided by laws promulgated by the law-making body and, consequently, may be abolished by the same body. Ex. right to receive minimum wage and right to inherit property.
• CLASSIFICATION OF CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTS

  Political rights

  Civil rights

  Social and economic right

  Rights of the accused
• Political rights They are such rights of the citizens which give them the power to participate, directly or indirectly, in the M establishment or administration of the government. Ex. right of citizenship, right of suffrage and the right to information on matters of public concern
• Civil rights They are those rights which the law will enforce at the instance of private individuals for the purpose of securing to them the enjoyment of their means of happiness. Ex. rights against involuntary servitude, liberty of abode, freedom of speech, of expression or of the press
• Social and economic right They include those right s which are intended to insure the well-being and economic security of the individual. Ex. right to property, right to just compensation for private property taken for public use
• Rights of the accused They are the (civil) rights intended for the protection of a person accused of any crime, like the right to presumption of innocence, right to a speedy, impartial, and public trial , and the right against cruel, degrading, or inhuman punishment
• ARTICLE III SECTION 1. NO PERSON SHALL BE DEPRIVED OF LIFE, LIBERTY, OR PROPERTY WITHOUT DUE PROCESS OF LAW, NOR SHALL ANY PERSON BE DENIED THE EQUAL PROTECTION OF THE LAWS.
• What is due process? Any deprivation of life, liberty, or property is with due process if it is done under the authority of a law that is valid (i.e., not contrary to the Constitution) or of the Constitution itself, and after compliance with fair and reasonable methods of procedure prescribed by law