test 6: chapter 6

• solid to liquid ?

  melting
• liquid to solid?


  freezing
• liquid to gas?


  evaporation
• gas to liquid?


  condensation
• solid to gas?


  sublimation
• what is dipole?

  a polar molecule (unbalanced) that contains s+ side and s- side

  • charges unequally distributed across molecule
• what are dipole-dipole forces?

  attractive forces between two dipoles (polar)

  • S+ on one dipole is attracted to S- on another dipole
• what is hydrogen bonding?

  Attraction between a hydrogen bonded to a N, O, F and another N, O, F. It is when hydrogen in one atom connects with electronegative atoms in another molecule.

  • like magnets pulled together
  • hydrogen atoms are attracted to the oxygen atoms in neighboring molecules
• what are dispersion forces?

  force of attraction between two nonpolar molecules

  • like a game of tug-of-war between electrons, sometimes electrons ending up on one side more than the other, creating a temporary imbalance of charge
• what kinds of molecules are involved in dispersion forces?

  Non-polar molecules
• what are examples of dispersion forces?

  oil and gasoline dissolving together
• what is a solution?

  a heterogenous mixture made up of a solute and a solvent
• what is a solute?

  a substance being dissolved in a solvent
• what is solvent?

  a substance dissolving other substances in a solution
• what kinds of forces are found in a solution?

  • dipole-dipole forces
  • dispersion forces
  • ion-dipole forces