Inheritance ( 1 )

• Inheritance


  The process by which genetic information is passed from parents to offspring
• DNA


  Genetic information is carried in the form of DNA, located in the chromosomes of the cell
• Chromosome


  Structures in the nucleus of a cell that contain DNA and genetic information
• Gene


  A length of DNA that codes for a protein
• Allele


  Different versions of the same gene
• Normal human cells have 23 pairs of chromosomes, 46 chromosomes total
• Sex chromosomes


  The pair of chromosomes that determines the sex or gender of an individual
• DNA


  Provides instructions for making proteins in cells
• Protein synthesis


  1. DNA transcription

  2. mRNA translation
• Most body cells contain the same genes, but not all genes are expressed in every cell
• Haploid nucleus


  Nucleus containing a single set of chromosomes
• Diploid nucleus


  Nucleus containing two sets of chromosomes
• Mitosis


  • Nuclear division giving rise to genetically identical cells
  • Involved in growth, repair, and asexual reproduction
• Meiosis


  • Nuclear division resulting in genetically different haploid cells
  • Involved in production of gametes