LECTURE

• The clinical laboratory is divided into two areas, anatomical and clinical.
• The anatomical area is responsible for the analysis of surgical specimens

  frozen sections, biopsies, cytological specimens, and autopsies.
• Sections of the anatomical area include cytology, histology, and

  cytogenetics.
• The clinical area is divided into specialized sections: hematology,

  coagulation, chemistry, blood bank (immunohematology), serology

  (immunology), microbiology, urinalysis, phlebotomy, and sample

  processing.
• In the clinical sections, blood, bone marrow, microbiology samples, urine,and other body fluids analyzed.
• In the cytology section, cytologists (CTs) process and examine tissue and body fluids for the presence of abnormal cells, such as cancer cells.
• The Papanicolaou (Pap) smear is one of the most common tests performed in cytology.
• In the histology section, histology technicians (HTs) and technologists (HTLs) process and stain tissue obtained from biopsies, surgery, autopsies, and frozen sections.
• A pathologist then examines the tissue.
• Cytogenetics is the section in which chromosome studies are performed to detect genetic disorders.

  
  

  -Blood, amniotic fluid, tissue, and bone marrow specimens are analyzed.