Untitled

• Genetics

  The study of heredity and how traits in offspring are based upon those of the parents
• Heredity

  The process in which traits or characteristics are passed on from parents to offspring
• You passed on the characters to the next generation and that the characters have contrasting traits
• Alleles

  A pair of genes
• Dominant

  When one allele can mask or prevent the presence of another
• Recessive

  Refers to a characteristic that is masked or hidden by the presence of a dominant allele
• Study Table 4 below on the 7 characters studied by Mendel. Each character has 2 opposing traits, the dominant and the recessive traits
• Homozygous

  Having the same allele appearance or is pure bred on either dominant or recessive traits (RR or rr)
• Heterozygous


  Having different appearance, a combination of dominant and recessive, in other words mestiza or hybrid (Rr)
• Genotype

  The genetic make-up of an organism, represented by letters of the alphabet to stand for each alleles that has been passed from the parents to its offspring (AA, Tt, GG, etc.)
• Phenotype

  The physical result of a gene combination, the physical appearance (tall, short, green, yellow, wrinkled, etc.)
• Law of Dominance

  • One of the pairs of inherited traits will be dominant and the others recessive unless both the factors are recessive
• Big letter R is used to represent the dominant trait, Round. Small letter r is used to represent recessive trait which is wrinkled. **As a rule, the dominant trait is always your basis in formulating alleles, thus we use the first letter in the word round (R) , which is dominant. (See other characters.)
• Big letter B is used to represent the dominant trait, Black. Small letter b is used to represent recessive trait which is Red.
• Big letter W is used to represent the dominant trait, White. Small letter w is used to represent recessive trait which is Brown.
• What are the specific objectives of the lesson on the breathing mechanism?

  To explain how the lungs work and describe how the movement of the diaphragm helps the air go in and out of the lungs.
• What are the two phases of the breathing process?

  • Breathing in (inhalation)
  • Breathing out (exhalation)
• What happens during inhalation?

  Air enters the lungs, and oxygen moves to the blood while carbon dioxide moves from the blood to the lungs.
• What is the process called when oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged in the lungs?

  Gas exchange.
• What is the role of the diaphragm during inhalation?

  The diaphragm contracts and moves downward.
• How does the diaphragm's movement affect the chest cavity during inhalation?

  It increases the space in the chest cavity, allowing the lungs to expand.
• What happens to the rib muscles during inhalation?

  The rib muscles contract to pull the rib cage upward and outward.
• What occurs during exhalation?

  The diaphragm moves upward, rib muscles relax, and the chest cavity reduces in size.
• How does the deflation of the lungs during exhalation compare to a balloon?

  It is similar to how air releases from a balloon.
• What happens to carbon dioxide-rich air during exhalation?


  It flows out of the lungs through the windpipe and out of the nose or mouth.
• What is the role of hemoglobin in gas exchange?

  Hemoglobin picks up oxygen from the alveoli in the capillaries.
• What happens to carbon dioxide during gas exchange?

  Carbon dioxide moves from the blood in the capillaries back into the alveoli.
• What are the correct movements of the ribs and diaphragm during inhalation and exhalation?

  Inhalation:

  • Ribs move outward
  • Diaphragm moves downward
  • More space in the chest cavity
  • Air rushes in

  
  

  Exhalation:

  • Ribs move inward
  • Diaphragm moves upward
  • Less space in the chest cavity
  • Air moves out
• Why is it important to take good care of the respiratory system?


  To maintain efficient gas exchange and overall health.