Respiratory System SCIENCE 9

• Respiratory System


  The set of organs working together to help living organisms in the process of breathing
• Respiratory Organs of Living Organisms

  • Frog/Worms - Moist skin
  • Leaves - Stomata Cell
  • Cockroach/Fly - Trachea and Spiracles
  • Fish/Octopus - Gills
  • Monkey/Bird - Lungs
• Functions of the Respiratory System

  1. Respiration (Gas Exchange) - Allows oxygen to enter and carbon dioxide to leave the body through the blood

  2. Voice Production - Air moves past the voice box makes sound and speech

  3. Olfaction - Sensation of
• Respiratory tract


  Series of airways that act together to allow air to pass to reach the lungs
• Gate


  Series of airways that act together to allow air to pass to reach the lungs
• The Upper Respiratory Tract
• Nose


  Visible structure that forms a prominent feature of the face
• Nostrils/Nores


  Two holes of the nose
• Nasal cavity


  • Channel for airflow from the nose to the openings of pharynx
  • Moistens, warms, filters and cleans entering air
  • Detects odors
• Cilia


  Tiny hair-like structures within the cavity; filter out dust, pollen and other foreign particles
• Pharynx or Throat


  • Common passageway of air (nasal cavity) and air, food and water (oral cavity/mouth)
  • Leads to the larynx (respiratory system) and to the esophagus (digestive system)
• The Lower Respiratory Tract
• Larynx


  Composed of cartilages; the commonly known are the thyroid cartilage (Adam's Apple), aka VOICE BOX
• Epiglottis


  Upper part of Larynx; flap-like projection into the throat
• Spring af
• Endocrine disorders can result from abnormalities in the production, secretion, or action of hormones.
• Breathing


  The act of taking air in and out of the lungs
• Mechanism of Breathing


  1. Inspiration (Inhalation)

  2. Expiration (Exhalation)
• Inspiration (Inhalation) - chest space becomes larger, lungs are filled with air, ribs move out
• Expiration (Exhalation) - chest space becomes small, diaphragm moves up, air moves out of the lungs, ribs move in, lungs are deflated
• Diabetes Mellitus is characterized by high blood sugar levels due to insulin resistance, impaired insulin secretion, or both.
• COMMON COLD is among the most common respiratory diseases affecting the upper respiratory tract (nose and throat)
• Common cold is transmitted by virus infected air borne droplets or by direct contact with infected secretions
• Treatments for Common Cold

  1. Take enough rest

  2. Drink lots of water

  3. Seek treatment if the colds last for more than a week
• INFLUENZA is commonly called the flu
• Influenza is caused by the influenza virus that attacks your throat, nose and lungs
• Influenza is a highly contagious disease and can spread directly through air droplets when people with flu sneeze, cough or talk and spread indirectly with objects contaminated with virus
• Treatments for Influenza


  1. Vaccinations

  2. Antiviral drugs