Health Promotion - Global Health

• How are countries classified into high, middle or low income?

  They are classified according to Gross National Income per capita (GNI)
• High income country income bracket

  $12,476 or more
• Middle income country income bracket

  $1026 - $12,475
• Low income country income bracket

  $1025 or less
• Economic characteristics of high income countries

  Managable international debt

  Wide range of industries

  High average income

  Many opportunities for trade
• Environmental characteristics of high income countries

  Safe water and sanitation

  Access to food

  Adequate housing

  Adequate infrastructure
• Social characteristics of high income countries

  Social security systems

  Gender equality

  Low birthrates

  High levels of education/employment
• Three main objectives of SDGs

  End extreme poverty

  Fight inequality and injustice

  Tackle climate change
• SDG 1 - No poverty (outline)


  They aim to eradicate all forms of extreme poverty who are living on less than US$1.25 per day
• SDG 1 - No poverty (importance)


  Lack of income leads to the lack of resources and infrastructure including health care, food, water and shelter
• SDG 2 - Zero hunger (outline)


  They aim to end all forms of hunger and malnutrition by ensuring that all people have access to nutritious food by promoting sustainable agriculture
• SDG 2 - Zero hunger (importance)


  Eliminating hunger will reduce the risk of malnutrition which is one of the biggest contributor of child mortality
• SDG 3 - Good health and wellbeing (outline)


  They aim to improve health status and reduce communicable and non communicable diseases
• SDG 3 - Good health and wellbeing (importance)


  Many people, especially children die from preventable causes such as diarrhoea
• SDG 4 - Quality education (outline)


  They aim to ensure that all children have equal access to high quality education at all levels
• SDG 4 - Quality education (importance)


  Education promotes literacy which leads to better jobs and result in high income which provides the capacity to purchase nutritious food, shelter, clean water and health care
• SDG 5 - Gender equality (outline)


  They aim to end all forms of discrimination against all women and girls everywhere
• SDG 5 - Gender equality (importance) 


  Women in developing countries are denied access to basic education and educated women are less likely to experience sexual violence and protect themselves from diseases like HIV/AIDS
• SDG 6 - Clean water and sanitation(outline)


  They aim to achieve universal and equitable access to clean water, sanitation and hygiene for all
• SDG 6 - Clean water and sanitation (importance)


  Everyday many children are dying from diseases such as diarrhoea caused by contaminated water and poor sanitation
• SDG 13 - Climate action


  They aim to take urgent action to reduce the effects of climate change
• SDG 13 - Climate action


  Not only does it benefit the environment but having cleaner air and safer water can lead to healthier people
• Extreme poverty

  Living on less than US$1.25 a day
• Malnutrition

  The lack of specific nutrients required for the body to function
• Sanitation

  Refers to safe disposal of human urine and faeces as well as the maintenance of hygienic conditions