Vitamins

Cards (31)

  • Vitamins
    Essential organic substances that the body cannot synthesize or does not sufficiently synthesize
  • Vitamins are present in almost all foods, but no single food group is the source of all vitamins
  • Functions of vitamins
    • Antioxidant
    • Enzyme cofactor
    • Hormones and important in blood cell maturation
    • Bone formation and active in energy metabolism
  • Vitamin A (Retinol)

    Maintenance of good vision, resistance to infection
  • Vitamin A deficiency can cause night blindness, growth retardation, abnormal taste response, dermatitis
  • Vitamin E (Tocopherols)

    Antioxidant, important for cellular respiration
  • Vitamin D2 (Ergocalciferol, Cholecalciferol)

    Helps body absorb calcium & phosphorus,
  • Vitamin D2 deficiency can cause rickets (young), and osteomalacia (adult)
  • Vitamin K (Phytomenadione)

    Cofactor of procoagulants like prothrombin
  • Vitamin K deficiency can cause bleeding disorder and hemorrhage
  • Fat Soluble Vitamins
    • Vitamin A
    • Vitamin E
    • Vitamin D2
    • Vitamin D3
    • Vitamin K
  • Vitamin D3
    activated sterol-1,25 dihydroxycholecalciferol aids in absorption of dietary calcium
  • Vitamin D3 deficiency can cause hypocalcemia
  • Vitamin E deficiency can cause mild hemolytic anemia in newborn, RBC fragility, and ataxia which is a degenerative disease for nervous system
  • Water Soluble Vitamins
    • B1 (Thiamine)
    • B2 (Riboflavin)
    • B3 (Pantothenic acid)
    • B6 (Pyridoxine, pyridoxal)
    • B12 (Cyanocobalamin)
    • Ascorbic acid (Vitamin C)
    • Biotin
    • Carnitine
    • Folic acid (Pteroylglutamic acid)
    • Niacin or Niacinamide (Nicotinic Acid)
  • B1 (Thiamine)

    Enzyme cofactor
  • B2 (Riboflavin)

    Enzyme cofactor
  • B3 (Pantothenic acid)

    Enzyme cofactor
  • B6 (Pyridoxine, pyridoxal)

    Enzyme cofactor
  • B12 (Cyanocobalamin)

    Synthesis of DNA and folate
  • Ascorbic acid (Vitamin C)

    Hydroxylation of collagen, participates in redox reaction
  • Biotin
    Enzyme cofactor
  • Carnitine
    Fat catabolism
  • Folic acid (Pteroylglutamic acid)

    Synthesis of amino acids and DNA
  • Niacin or Niacinamide (Nicotinic Acid)

    Enzyme cofactor
  • Deficiency of Vitamin B1 in infants
    • Dyspnea
    • Cyanosis
    • Diarrhea
    • Vomiting
  • Deficiency of Vitamin B1 in adults
    • Beri-beri
    • Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome
    • Apathy
    • Ataxia
    • Visual problems
  • Deficiency symptoms for specific vitamins
    • B6: Irritability, seizures, anemia. In adults: Facial seborrhea
    • B12: Megaloblastic anemia, Neurologic abnormalities
    • Ascorbic acid (Vitamin C): Scurvy
    • Niacin: Pellegra, Dermatitis, Disorientation, Weight loss
  • Vitamin B2 Deficiency
    • Angular stomatitis
    • Dermatitis
    • Photophobia
  • Vitamin B3 Deficiency
    • Depressed immune system
    • Muscle weakness
  • Vitamin Deficiency
    • Biotin: dermatitis, hair loss, depression
    • Carnitine: muscle weakness, fatigue
    • Folic Acid: Megaloblastic Anemia