L1 DIGESTIVE SYSTEM STRUCTURES AND FUNCTIONS

• digestive system - consists of a number of organs that break down food to absorb nutrients.
• digestive system is divided into two main groups which is the?

  Alimentary canal and accessory organs
• Alimentary Canal - a long winding, continuous tube from mouth to anus
• what is the length of the alimentary canal?

  9m
• Accessory Organs - are within/outside the alimentary canal
• ORGANS FOUND IN THE ALIMENTARY CANAL

  • mouth
  • pharynx
  • esophagus
  • stomach
  • large intestine
  • small intestine
  • rectum or anus
• ORGANS FOUND IN THE ACCESSORY ORGANS

  • teeth
  • tongue
  • salivary glands
  • pancreas
  • liver
  • gallbladder
• Bloodstream - receives raw materials, processes the materials into usable form and transports usable products to a distribution network called _______
• DIGESTIVE PROCESS

  • ingestion
  • propulsion
  • mechanical digestion
  • chemical digestion
  • absorption
  • defecation
• Propulsion - movement of food through the alimentary canal that involves swallong and peristalsis.
• Swallowing - series of muscular events that push the food through mouth to throat
• peristalsis - series of alternate waves of muscle contraction and relaxation
• Mechanical digestion - breakdown of food into particles
• Chemical Digestion - happens when food is broken down into simpler molecules
• Amylase - digests starch
• Epilottis - small flap that closes the windpipe
• Peristalsis - wave-like contraction that pushes food down to stomach
• Pepsin - digests protein
• Emulsification process - bile secretes fats into smaller pieces
• Absorption - transport of digested food material
• Defecation - elemination of indigestible materials
• Swallowing - forms the bolus
• Esophagus - tube that extends from from pharynx to stomach
• how long is the esophagus?

  25cm
• Esophageal hiatus - penetrates the diaphragm through an opening
• Abdominal Cavity - after esophagus was penetrated it enters here