Philosophy

• Prudence


  The capacity to direct and discipline one's activities and behavior using reason. It is the behavior that is cautious and, as much as possible, keeps away from any risks.
• Adam Smith: 'A truly righteous person embodies the value of prudence since it controls one's overindulgences and as such is vital for a certain society.'
• Prudence


  • Acknowledges the human finiteness
  • Can help us become wiser, more responsible in terms of using our natural resources
  • Become more appreciative of nature's essential value
• What is the theory

  The Theory of Moral Sentiments
• Frugality


  The quality of being thrifty, the careful supervision of one's resources, especially money
• Benefits of being a frugal person

  • It is environmentally friendly
  • Follows the idea of "reduce, reuse, recycle" to minimize expenses
  • Follows the principle of "less is more" to save money
• Deep Ecology


  An ecological philosophy developed by Norwegian philosopher, Arne Naess in the early 1970s
• Deep Ecology


  • All life forms have an equal right to exist
  • Human needs and desires have no priority over those of other organisms
• Deep Ecology


  The living environment should be respected and regarded as having rights to flourish, independent of its utility to humans
• Social Ecology


  An ecological philosophy developed by Murray Bookchin, who believes that ecological problems can be traced to social problems
• Social Ecology


  • Societies structured around hierarchies and economic classes use their authority to dominate natural resources and exploit the environment for profit and self-interest
• Ecofeminism


  A philosophical idea that combines feminism and ecology concerns, emphasizing that both suffer from their treatment by a male dominated society
• Ecofeminism


  • Assumes that male-centered view of nature is the root cause of ecological problems
  • To address environmental problems humanity has to remove the superior vs inferior in human relations
  • A society that tolerates the oppression of women is directly linked with its tendency to tolerate the abuse of the environment and the degradation of nature
• Sustainable development


  Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs
• The idea of sustainable development is any environmental, economic and social advances can be realized within the carrying capacity of earth's natural resources
• Principles of Sustainability


  • Environmental Integrity
  • Economic Efficiency
  • Equity
• Environmental Integrity


  • Any human activities or economic advances should not unduly disrupt the environment and human communities located in the area
  • The environment should not be drastically impacted by human activities
• Economic Efficiency


  • Effectively using a society's scarce resources
  • Ensuring minimum to zero waste in using our natural resources
• Equity


  • Conserving our natural resources so that the future generations will still be able to use it
• Environmental philosophy


  The discipline that studies the moral relationship of human beings with the environment and its non-human contents
• Humankind is a part of the world, and we significantly affect our environment in the same way that changes in our environment affect us
• Anthropocentrism


  Derived from the Greek word anthropos (human being) and kentron (center), human-centered view that believes humans are the most important species on the planet and they are free to transform nature and use its resources
• Biocentrism


  Derived from the Greek word bios (life) and kentron (center), centered on all living organisms view that believes humans are not the only significant species on the planet, and that all other organisms have inherent value and should be protected
• Ecocentrism


  Derived from the Greek word oikos (house) and kentron (center), nature or ecosystem centered view that believes ecosystems, including all things (living and nonliving), have inherent value regardless of their perceived usefulness or importance to human beings
• Disorder in the environment can be brought about by sudden changes in nature, such as natural calamities like typhoons, earthquakes and landslides
• Environmental aesthetics


  One of the new areas of aesthetics that focuses on issues concerning appreciation of the environment, defined as the interaction between a person and his environment, with respect to beauty
• Environmental aesthetics believes in maintaining order in the environment will bring out the natural beauty of surroundings and contribute to the well-being of the people and other organisms living in it
• Aesthetic way


  Clean and orderly surroundings or environment