Booklet One - Elizabeth and her Government

• Stuarts


  Royal family ruling over Scotland, enemies of the Tudors.
• Protestant Reformation

  Religious movement spreading Protestant ideas.
• Mary Queen of Scots


  Cousin of Queen Elizabeth, ruler of Scotland.
• Antwerp


  Important cloth market in the Netherlands.
• Lady Jane Grey


  Protestant cousin briefly declared Queen after Edward VI.
• Philip II


  King of Spain during Elizabeth's reign, strong Roman Catholic.
• Supreme Head of the Church of England

  Title given to Henry VIII after breaking from the Catholic Church.
• Roger Ascham


  Elizabeth's tutor, a Cambridge scholar.
• Edward VI


  Elizabeth's Protestant brother who briefly changed the Act of Succession.
• House arrest

  Confinement at home, as done to Elizabeth by Mary.
• Westminster Abbey


  Location of Elizabeth's coronation as Queen in 1559.
• Religion


  Key challenge for Elizabeth due to differing faiths in England.
• Economy

  Financial challenge for Elizabeth, needing money without raising unpopular taxes.
• Royal court

  Mobile operation run by Lord Chamberlain, housing the Queen's household.
• Progresses

  Tours taken by Elizabeth and her court to visit nobility, a public relations exercise.
• Performance

  Court functions as a social, political, and propaganda hub for Elizabeth.
• Court Ceremonies

  Formal events to promote loyalty and obedience to Elizabeth, emphasizing monarchy mystique.
• Privy Chamber


  Monarch's private hub of power, transitioned to patronage under Elizabeth.
• Patronage

  Elizabeth's favoritism system granting political roles for loyalty and control.
• Privy Council


  Responsible for daily country management, advised Elizabeth, influenced by divide and rule.
• Parliament

  Comprised of House of Lords and Commons, influenced tax and laws in Elizabethan England.
• Lord Lieutenants

  Appointed by queen to manage areas, resolve disputes, collect taxes, and raise armies.
• Justices of the Peace (JPs)


  Local gentry enforcing Parliament laws, holding judicial power in counties.
• William Cecil


  Key advisor to Elizabeth, managed patronage, moderate Protestant, stabilizer.
• Robert Dudley

  Privy councillor, Master of the Horse, ambitious and close to Elizabeth.
• Francis Walsingham


  Elizabeth's loyal spymaster, controlled secret service, uncovered plots.
• Role of Parliament

  Turned Elizabeth's policies into law, influenced by speeches, royal veto, and limited free speech.
• Essex Rebellion

  Rebellion against Elizabeth led by Robert Devereux, Earl of Essex, due to power struggles in the Court.
• Cecil


  Subtle and quiet politician in Elizabeth's court
• Essex

  Respected military hero who angered Queen Elizabeth with his unpredictable behavior
• Romantic involvements

  Rumored relationships between Essex, the Queen, and Dudley
• Secret marriage

  Essex's marriage without Queen Elizabeth's permission
• Banishment

  Essex's punishment after defying the Queen
• Rebellion in Ireland

  Essex's failed mission against Tyrone, going against Elizabeth's orders
• Treason and rebellion


  Rumors and actions leading to Essex's downfall
• London rebellion


  Essex's failed attempt to capture the Queen, leading to his surrender
• Execution

  Essex's fate after being accused of treason
• Succession Crisis

  Challenges faced by female rulers in securing the throne
• Male heir

  Henry VIII's pursuit of a male successor
• Mary's unpopularity

  Mary's actions jeopardizing England's independence