t3

• aerobic is slower but it releases more energy
• anaerobic is faster but it releases less energy (without oxygen)
• the word equation for anaerobic respiration is glucose --> lactic acid + energy
• the word equation for respiration is glucose + oxygen --> carbon dioxide + water + energy
• 1. air enters your body through your nose and mouth
  2. air moves down the trachea
  3. air moves down a bronchus
  4. air moves through a bronchiole
  5. air moves into an alveolus
  6. oxygen then diffuses into the blood
• lustrous - all metals are shiny when polished or freshly cut
• flexible - metals do not break, they bend
• ductile - metals can be drawn into wires
• malleable - metals can be hammered into sheets
• electrical conductor - all metals conduct electricity
• thermal conductor - metals allow energy to flow through them, causing heating
• metal + oxygen --> metal oxide
• metal + water --> metal hydroxide + hydrogen
• corrosion is the process where something is slowly damaged by a chemical process (refers to any reaction with oxygen on the surface of a metal)
• oxidation is the loss of electrons/gaining oxygen
• rusting is when iron reacts with oxygen to form iron oxide (oxygen and water must be both present)
• ways of preventing rust:

  • coat with oil/ grease
  • coat with layers of paint
  • coat with plastic
  • galvanize with zinc
  • use sacrificial protection (place a more reactive metal with iron)
• metal + acid --> metal salt + hydrogen (nitric acid=nitrate, sulphuric acid=sulphate, hydrochloric acid=chloride)
• metals placed in the most to least reactive metals are

  1. potassium
  2. sodium
  3. calcium
  4. magnesium
  5. aluminium
  6. zinc
  7. iron
  8. tin
  9. lead
  10. copper
• carbohydrates - function is for energy
• proteins - function is for growth and repair
• fats - function is to store energy
• vitamins/minerals - to keep the body healthy
• we need water to dissolve things so they can go around the body, fill up cells to hold their shape and to make sweat - keep you cool
• we need fibre to help waste move through the intestines smoothly (avoid constipation)
• digestive system

  1. mouth - food is ground up here and mixed with saliva
  2. gullet - takes food to the stomach
  3. stomach - food is churned up with strong acids and enzymes
  4. small intestine - more enzymes added to complete digestion, soluble food is absorbed
  5. large intestine - water is absorbed here
  6. rectum - faeces are stored here
• the small intestine adapted to its functions with a long (large surface area), lined with villi (making surface area larger), thin (easy for diffusion) and good blood supply for diffusion.
• an element is made from only one type of atom
• a compound is 2 or more elements chemically bonded
• a mixture contains 2 or more different elements or compounds that are mixed but not chemically bonded to each other