Non fermentative gram - pathogens

• SPECIES


  Microorganisms that can be classified into different types based on their characteristics
• MICROSCOPE


  An instrument used to observe and study microorganisms
• VIRULENCE FACTOR


  A feature that contributes to the ability of a pathogen to cause disease
• TEST


  A procedure used to identify or confirm the presence of a microorganism
• CULTURE


  The process of growing microorganisms in a controlled environment
• DISEASES


  Illnesses or conditions caused by microorganisms
• P. AERUGINOSA


  • Most encountered gram (-) that is not Enterobacteriaceae
  • Motile - 42 C
  • Fluorescent group
  • Utilize acetamide and citrate - Pyocyanin pigment
  • Prone to antimicrobial resistance
  • BA - spreading growth and flat, metallic sheen, blue green or red, brown, mucoid (CF pxn); beta hemolytic
  • Grape like or corn tortilla odor
  • Endotoxin
  • Pili
  • Alginate
  • Capsule
  • Exotoxins - lecithinase, elastase, protease
  • (+) gluconate and arginine dihydrolase production
  • OF test - open tube (-), close tube (+)
  • (+) oxidase
  • (+) catalase
  • NLF
  • TSI - K/K, gas, H2S
  • (+) glucose oxidation
• Media for P. AERUGINOSA


  • MAC, BA, CA, Seller's medium (pigment), Cetrimide agar (selective, enhance pyocyanin and pyoverdin)
• P. FLUORESCENCE AND P. PUTIDA

  • Isolated from contaminated blood, cosmetics, hospital instruments, urine and respiratory specimens
  • Grow at 4C
  • Gram stain - straight and slender gram neg bacilli
  • (+) Gelatin hydrolysis for P. fluorescens
• ACINETOBACTER


  • Moraxellaceae family
  • Second most isolated from hospital equipment
  • Grow at 42C
  • Resist decolorization
  • gram (-) coccobacilli in pairs; plump
  • gram (+) in blood culture bottles
  • MAC - purple
  • A. baumannii - glucose oxidizing, hemolytic strains (common isolate)
  • A. lwofii - non glucose oxidizing, hemolytic strains (common isolate)
  • A. haemolyticus - non glucose oxidizing, hemolytic strains
  • (+) catalase, (-) oxidase
  • (-) Motility
  • (+) MAC
  • (+) Glucose oxidation
• STENOTROPHOMONAS MALTOPHILA


  • 3rd most common isolated gram (-) non fermentative bacilli
  • Obligate aerobe, motile, grow at 42 C
  • Utilize maltose
  • Contaminate blood drawing equipment and disinfectants
  • Short to medium sized gram negative straight rods
  • BA - lavender green to light purple colony pigmentation with ammonia like odor
  • MAC - blue colonies
  • (-) oxidase
  • (+) catalase
  • (+) esculin
  • (+) gelatin hydrolysis
  • (+) DNAse
  • (+) LDC
  • Antimicrobial test - broth dilution and E test
  • (+) Motility
  • (+) MAC
  • (+) Glucose oxidation
• B. CEPACIA


  • Obligate aerobe, motile by polar flagella
  • Non pathogenic, nosocomial infection
  • anesthetics, nebulizers, detergents, disinfectants
  • BA - exhibit non wrinkled yellow or yellow green color
  • Medium sized gram negative straight rods
  • weakly (+) catalase
  • (+) oxidase
  • (+) LDC and ONPG
• B. MALLEI


  • Potential biterrorism agent
  • Non motile
  • Medium sized gram negative straight rods
  • BA - colorless
  • (+) catalase
  • (V) oxidase
  • (-) 42C
  • (+) Glucose oxidation
• B. PSEUDOMALLEI


  • Obligate aerobe, motile by polar tuft flagella
  • Non pathogenic, nosocomial infection
  • MOT - inhalation of contaminated debris, traumatic skin inoculation
  • Medium sized gram negative straight rods
  • bipolar staining
  • Ashdown's medium with colistin (dry, wrinkled colonies with deep pink color)
  • (+) catalase
  • (+) oxidase
• ALCALIGENES FAECALIS


  • Obligate aerobe, gram neg bacilli, motile by peritrichous flagella
  • In moist hospital environment
  • MOT - exposure to contaminated medical instruments and solutions
  • grow on 6.5% NaCl broth
  • BA - feathered edged non pigmented a hemolytic and have an apple or strawberry like odor
  • (+) oxidase
• OLIGELLA


  • Aerobic
  • Non saccharolytic, gas producer
  • small, paired gram negative bacilli or coccobacilli
  • BA - small opaque white
  • (+) gas
  • (+) catalase
  • (+) oxidase
  • (+) PAD
  • (-) MAC
  • (-) Glucose oxidation
  • O. urethralis - oxidase non motile, (-) urease
  • O. ureolytica - oxidase motile, urease
• MORAXELLA LACUNATA


  • Morax-Axenfeld bacillus
  • Obligate aerobe, non saccharolytic, non motile
  • gram (-) coccobacillary to bacillary form
  • MAC - no growth
  • BA - small and agar pitting
  • (+) catalase and oxidase
• CHROMOBACTERIUM VIOLACEUM


  • Only spp in genus Chromobacterium
  • Motile with polar flagella
  • MAC - growth at 37C exhibits violet pigmentation - violacein
  • Microscopy - curved bacilli
  • (V) oxidase test
• SHEWANELLA PUTREFACIENS


  • Isolated from water, dairy products, petroleum gas, other environmental sources
  • Motile, saccharolytic, strong H2S producer
  • Isolated from pxn with ocular infections, otitis media, septicemia
  • gram negative rods
  • BA - mucoid and greenish
  • (+) oxidase and ODC