Science

• Carbohydrates


  Macronutrients that serve as important sources of energy that fuel the body
• Cytoplasm


  Maintains the osmotic concentration of the cells and prevents them from shrinking and bursting
• Endoplasmic reticulum


  A large network of tubes and is like a maze or folds
• Epiglottis


  A flap which closes the windpipe upon swallowing the food
• Excretion


  The removal of metabolic waste products from the body in the form of stool or urine
• Gallbladder


  Stores and concentrates excess bile
• Golgi body


  Responsible for modification, packaging and sorting of proteins
• Ingestion


  Process of digestion wherein the food is taken into the mouth and broken down by chewing and grinding of the teeth, being lubricated by the saliva and changing the chemical components of the food
• Liver


  Largest organ of the body in terms of mass and produces bile
• Lysosomes


  Responsible in breaking down waste products or materials and detoxify the cell
• Meiosis


  A type of cell division that is specific to germ cells or cells that give rise to the gametes
• Micronutrients


  Essential nutrients that are needed to be eaten regularly and in huge amounts as they supply the body with energy
• Minerals


  Inorganic substances that ensure the health and proper functions of the person's soft tissues, fluids and skeletal system
• Mitochondria


  The powerhouse of the cell
• Mitosis


  A type of cell division of the nucleus that takes place in somatic or body cells such as those in bones or skin
• Mouth


  The entry point of the food
• Nucleus


  The control center of the cell
• Pancreas


  A long narrow gland that stretches from the spleen to about halfway through the duodenum
• Peristalsis


  The series of involuntary, wavelike muscular contractions that usually occurs in the digestive tract
• Proteins


  Helps build and repair body tissues
• Ribosomes


  Reason why endoplasmic reticulum becomes rough; attached to the endoplasmic reticulum
• Small intestine


  Where 90% of chemical digestion and absorption of food nutrients occur
• Stomach


  A muscular and expandable organ located on the left side of the upper abdomen
• Vitamins


  Organic molecules that are present in foods in small quantities; it is also grouped by fat-soluble and water-soluble
• Diseases and Disorders in digestive system

  • Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)
  • Gallstones
  • Stomach ulcer
  • Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)
  • Appendicitis
  • Indigestion
  • Constipation
  • Colorectal cancer
• Disorders due to chromosomal aberrations or abnormalities

  • Deletion syndrome
  • Cat cry syndrome
  • Down syndrome
  • Autism