Bio

• Flavor savior tomatoes

  First commercially grown genetically engineered food
• Arctic apple

  Prevent browning
• Artificial insemination

  Introduction of semen into the vagina of cervix
• In vitro fertilization

  Also called test tube conception
• Louise joy brown

  The first baby to be conceived via in vitro fertilization
• Cloning process of generating a genetically identically copy of a cell or an organism.
• Dolly the sheep

  Cloned from a cell taken from the mammary gland of a six year old finn
• Bacillus thuringiensis is a bacterium that produces a toxin to kill insect
• First

  DNA fragment containing the gene of interest is obtained from the donor cell
• Second

  A suitable plasmid is obtained from a bacteria
• Plasmid

  Commonly used as vectors to transfer the gene of interest into a host cell
• Third

  The DNA fragment containing the gene of interest is cut using an enzymes called restriction enzymes
• DNA ligase

  Act as glue
• Abiotic stress

  Is the negative effect of inorganic factors on living organisms.
• 1st- DNA fragment containing the gene of interest is obtained from the donor cell
• 3rd - cut using the restriction enzymes
• 2nd- plasmid is obtained from the bacteria (kumuha ng plasmid sa bacterium)
• 4th - ididikit sa RDNA using DNA ligase
• DNA ligase - act as glue
• Abiotic stress - negative effect of inorganic factors on living organisms
• Gene therapy - is an advance technique with therapeutic potential
• Precambrian eon composed of

  Hadean era

  Archean era

  Proterozoic era
• Hadean era is the beginning
• Archean era - discovered first fossils continents
• Proterozoic era the atmosphere and ocean changed significantly
• Proterozoic era

  First plant and animals has discovered (bacteria and blue algae)
• Geological time scale

  Measures the Earth's age/ act as a calendar
• Phanerozoic

  The visible life
• The span of geologic time extended about 541 million
• Paleozoic - means old life
• Paleozoic

  The imvertibrates already has a life
• Mesozoic - means middle life
• Mesozoic

  Era of dinosaurs
• Cretaceous - age of T-Rex
• Ends of mesozoic because of asteroids
• T-Rex -king of the lizard
• Cenozoic - new life
• Cenozoic - Age of mammals
• Unaltered preservation

  Preserving by means of amber
• What is the color of amber?

  Yellow to brown