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Cards (55)
Nationalism-
the shared
belief of loyalty to the ethnicity
and culture of a nation-state.
France vs. Germany-
France
was defeated after the
Franco-Prussian
War.
The annexed territory
between
Alsace-Lorraine
was
also a concern.
Italian unification
(
1871
)
heightened the nationalistic
spirit of the Italians
Nation-states
wanted
freedom- Slavs, Irish from the
British, Poles against the
Russian empire.
socialist labor
movement caused
violence due to
unfair labor
practices.
Triple Alliance
(Germany,
Austria-Hungary, Italy)
Otto Von Bismarck
organized
League of Three Emperors
(Germany, Austria-Hungary,
Russia)
DUAL ALLIANCE
– main goal: to
minimize Russian influence over the
Balkans
Triple Entente-
France, Great Britain,
Russia
Triple Alliance
(1882)- Italy joined the
group.
Balkan Peninsula-
‘the powder keg of
Europe,’a region in Southeastern Europe
led by Greeks, Romanians, Turks, and
Serbs
Treaty of Berlin-
Austria-Hungary
succeeded
Bosnia
and
Herzegovina
Militarization-
nations
strengthen large armies (1870-1914)
caused from the growing tension.
British
&
German
engaged into the
naval race.
Russia employed
1.3 million
men
► France (
1913
) employed
900,000
soldiers
Conscription-
the popular method of
drafting soldiers that became the norm in
Europe.
Archduke Franz Ferdinand-
the heir to the
throne of the Austro-Hungarian Empire.
Serb Gavrilo Princip-
a 19-year old shot the
Archduke and his wife when they visited the
patients at the hospital who were wounded
from the failed assassination.
Black Hand-
terrorist organization plotted
the assassination of the Archduke but failed.
► 1.
Nationalism
► 2.
Ideologies
► 3.
Militarization
► 4.
Alliances
► 5.
Conflicts
in
Balkan Peninsula
► Major cause-the
Assassination of Archduke
Franz Ferdinand
Franz Joseph I
(emperor of
Austria-Hungary)- asked support from
Germany. Germany replied with open
arms ‘blank check’.
July 23-
Austria-Hungary
asked a list of
demands from Serbia.
July 28, 1914-
Austria-Hungary
declared war
on Serbia.
Russia-
Czar Nicholas II supported
Serbia and mobilized its armies.
Germany-
declared war against Russia
through
Schlieffen Plan
(
August 1
).
British declared war on
Germany
because of the
violation
of the
Belgian
neutrality.
(
August 4
)
Schlieffen Plan-
sending of 75% of
German armies to France.
War took place at the
Western Front.
September 6-9
,
1914-
French and British
defeated Germany in the
Battle of Marne and ended
the Schlieffen Plan.
Trench Warfare
was a
common military tactic in
World War I
More fluid and involved over a
thousand miles of land.
Russians
and
Germans
fought a
seesaw battle.
March Revolution-
10,000 working class
women marched at Petrograd (St.
Petersburg)
March 12-
Russian
Duma
(legislative body,
mostly composed of the wealthy) demanded
Czar Nicholas II
to step down.
March 15-
Czar stepped down and ended the
300-year old Romanov Dynasty.
Soviets-
the representative of the working class after
the Tsarist government,
Bolsheviks-
led by Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov
(
Lenin
) introduced Marxism to Russia.
Marxism-
a communism grounded on the
teachings of Karl Marx.
1915-
Lenin and the Bolsheviks overthrew the
provisional government.
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