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Clinical Chemistry II
Trace Elements
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Elle Bon
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Trace elements
Metals
Halogens
Fluoride
Iodine
Essential trace elements
are important for the
maintenance
of
normal health
, and
tissue
and
organ
functions
Trace elements
have specific in vivo
metabolic functions
that cannot be effectively performed by other similar elements
Concentration in tissue: <
1
µg/g of wet tissue and <
0.01
% of dry body weight
Chromium
Enhances
insulin
action: for
glucose
and
lipid
metabolism
Chromium toxicity
Skin ulcers
Renal
and
Hepatic necrosis
Cobalt
Hgb
synthesis
Component of vit.
B12
Copper
Cellular
respiration
Collagen
synthesis
Copper deficiency
Menkes' kinky hair syndrome
Muscle weakness
Copper toxicity
Interferes with absorption of
iron
and
zinc
Fluoride
Prevents dental caries
Fluoride
deficiency
Dental caries
Iodine
Thyroid hormone
synthesis
Iodine
toxicity
Thyrotoxicosis
Iron deficiency
Anemia
Iron toxicity
Hemachromatosis
Selenium
Prevents
oxidative
damage
of
lipids
Selenium deficiency
Keshan
disease
Zinc
Enzyme cofactor
Protein synthesis
Zinc deficiency in adults
Facial seborrhea
Zinc
toxicity
in infants
Seizures
Irritability
Anemia
Chromium Deficiency
•
Insulin
resistance
• Impaired
glucose tolerance
(type
2
DM)
•
Hyperlipidemia
Cobalt deficiency
Anemia
Growth depression
Cobalt
toxicity
•
Heart failure
•
Hypothyroidism
Iodine
deficiency
•
Goiter
•
Cretinism
•
Myxedema
Iron
•
Oxygen transport
• Component of
hgb
Manganese
deficiency
skeletal defects
manganese
toxicity
parkinson's disease
,
psychiatric disorder
Manganese
bone
and
connective
tissue functions
molybdenum
DNA metabolism
Molybdenum
deficiency
• growth
depression
•
cretinism
•
goiter
molybdenum toxicity
•
anemia
•
thyrotoxicosis
selenium toxicity
•
liver failure
•
hair
and
nail
loss
Zinc deficiency
•
Acrodermatitis
•
Enterophatica
•
Growth retardation
•
Infertility
•
Immune
deficiency
•
Delayed wound healing
•
Osteoporosis
Zinc toxicity in infants
•
Irritability
•
Seizure
•
Anemia
Zinc toxicity in adults
facial seborrhea