peh - midterms

• Doctor


  Person allowed to diagnose the condition of a patient
• Evaluation


  Happens in the field
• Diagnostic process


  Accounts for all the information needed to see a holistic picture of the cause and severity of the injury
• Athletic injuries that are life threatening
• Concussion or traumatic brain injury


  Common in contact and combat sports, caused by a strong blow to the head that temporarily impairs brain function
• People who suffer a concussion have either temporary confusion or loss of consciousness
• Classification of concussions according to severity

  • Grade 1 - Mild (No loss of consciousness, condition normalizes in less than 15 minutes)
  • Grade 2 - Moderate (No loss of consciousness, condition normalizes in beyond 15 minutes)
  • Grade 3 - Severe (Loss of consciousness)
• A heart with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy has thicker muscle in the left ventricle coupled with a smaller left ventricular chamber compared to a normal heart

  
• First aid for heatstroke

  1. Seek shelter that is cold and away from the sun, provide adequate ventilation

  2. Replenish fluids and electrolytes

  3. Stretch muscle-tendon unit experiencing cramps

  4. Decrease body temperature by loosening clothing, wiping body with cool towel, or putting ice pack over head or neck

  5. Check body temperature and pulse rate regularly, elevate feet

  6. Bring to closest medical facility for intravenous fluid replacement when temperature is above 40 degrees Celsius

  7. Do not give anti-fever medications or caffeinated drink
• Signs and symptoms of heat illnesses

  • Muscle spasms
  • Dizziness
  • Fever above 40 degrees Celsius
  • Fatigue
  • Weakness
  • Weak pulse
  • Thirst
  • Cool skin
  • Profuse sweating
  • Dark urine
  • Rapid breathing
• Primary survey


  Determines if the injured athlete is in a life-threatening condition
• The signs of breathing include rhythmic elevation and depression of the chest cavity (sound of the air coming out of the mouth or nose)
• AVPU

  Alert, Response to the Voice, Response to Pain, and Unresponsive
• CPR step-by-step


  1. Call 911

  2. Place the person on their back and open their airway

  3. Check for breathing

  4. Perform 30 chest compressions

  5. Perform two rescue breaths

  6. Repeat
• CPR


  Cardiopulmonary resuscitation
• Practical ways of reducing inflammation

  • Crushed ice
  • Elastic bandage
• PRICE principle

  Protection, Rest, Ice, Compression and Elevation
• Chronic injuries differ from acute injuries because the onset of swelling and pain is different
• Acute injuries


  Have a sudden onset of pain
• Overuse (chronic) injuries


  Have a gradual onset of pain
• Prolonged inflammation that occurs in chronic or overuse injuries cannot be managed by the PRICE principle
• The priority for wound management is to control bleeding
• The second aspect of wound care is infection prevention
• Table tennis


  Also known as ping-pong, originally came from England in the 1890s, made by Englishman David Foster, became the number one racket game in China, Japan, and United States

  
• A game is played to 11 points, a game must be won by two points, a match is generally the best three of five games
• Early years of international competitions were dominated by European countries and is the major sport in England, Hungary, and Czechoslovakia
• Equipment for table tennis

  • Table tennis ball
  • Paddle
  • Net
  • Table

  
• Forehand strikes


  A shot hit with the dominant hand's palm facing the direction of the shot
• Racquet/paddle


  Laminated and covered with rubber either side or on both sides depending on the player, the handle is called the blade
• Ball


  Accuracy determined by bouncing it on a flat uniform surface from a height of 12 inches, 44mm in diameter and as light as 2.7 grams, usually yellow or white
• Table


  The playing surface of tennis, usually 2.74m long and 1.525m wide, and is horizontal 76cm above the floor
• Backhand


  A shot hit with the non-dominant hand's palm facing the direction of the shot, can be one-handed or two-handed
• Serve


  The shot used to start a point, the server stands behind the baseline and hits the ball into the opposite service box diagonally
• Volley


  A shot where the player hits the ball before it bounces on their side of the court, can be executed with either a forehand or backhand grip
• Smash


  An overhead shot where a player hits the ball with a lot of power, usually when the ball is high in the air, often close to the net
• Lob


  A high, arching shot hit with topspin to go over the opponent's head and land deep in the opponent's court
• Drop shot


  A shot where the ball is hit lightly and with finesse, causing it to drop just over the net and bounce low, making it difficult for the opponent to reach
• Slice


  A shot where the ball is hit with underspin, causing it to stay low after bouncing and to move in a different direction than expected