First Aid

• First aid is an immediate and temporary care given to a person who suddenly becomes ill or injured. It includes self-help and home care if medical assistance is not available or is delayed. It can mean the difference between life and death in extreme cases. However, first aiders must know the limits of the first aid they can give because improper first aid can actually do more harm than good in some instances.
• Primary Survey - perform a quick and systematic survey of the person to establish any conditions or injuries sustained as life-threatening. Check for vital signs, C.A.B., and control serious bleeding
• Vital Signs- are measurements of our body’s most basic functions.
• body temperature- the measure of our body’s ability to make and get rid of heat.
• pulse rate- the number of heartbeats per minute. The resting pulse rate for an adult is 60-80 beats per minute
• respiration rate- is the rate at which breathing occurs. This is usually measured in breaths per minute and is set and controlled by the respiratory center
• blood pressure- the pressure of the blood in the circulatory system, often measured for diagnosis since it is closely related to the force rate of the heartbeat and the diameter and elasticity of the arterial walls
• C.A.B

  C - Compression A - Airway B - Breathing
• Bandages are used to apply pressure to bleeding; for covering wounds and burns; and providing support for immobilization for broken bones, sprains and strains.
• Musculoskeletal Injuries A damage of muscular or skeletal system, which is usually due to a strenuous activity. It can be sprain, strain, fracture, or dislocation
• Sprain- an injury resulting in tearing or overstretching of a ligament
• Strain- an injury resulting in tearing or overstretching of muscles and tendons.
• Fracture- a break in the continuity of a bone. When the broken bone fractures the skin, it causes an open or compound fracture
• Closed Fracture- is a broken bone that does not penetrate the skin
• Open Fracture- an open fracture is a fracture in which there is an open wound or break in the skin near the site of the broken bone.
• Burns- are accidents caused by mechanical, thermal, chemical, electrical or radiation scalding or injury.
• Superficial or First Degree Burn - This causes minimal skin damage.
• Partial Thickness or Second Degree Burn - more serious skin damage.
• Full Thickness or Third Degree Burn - the most severe type of burn, affecting every layer of the skin and may extend through the muscles.
• Choking - results when a foreign object blocks the throat
• Hyperventilation - is the excessive breathing, normally caused by extreme anxiety, and can happen at the same time as panic attack.
• Fainting- it occurs when the blood supply to your brain is momentarily inadequate, causing you to lose consciousness.
• Dressing is a piece of sterile cloth that covers a wound to prevent infection and/or stop bleeding.
• Epistaxis or Nosebleed- bleeding from the blood vessels in the nose