Soft ticks

• Arachnida


  Body is not divided into head, thorax and abdomen
• Gnathosoma 


  Mouthpart and the plate that bears it
• capitulum/gnathobase  


  Bears the teeth that helps in chewing
• Podosoma


  Bear legs
• opisthosoma


  Posterior part behind the 4th pair leg  
• Idiosoma


  Consists of podosoma and opisthosoma
• ARACHNID


  Wingless, no eyes, antenna and mandibles
• chelicirae 


  first appendage found between the palps; consists of a pair of heavily sclerotized two-segmented cutting structures for food processing
• Pedipalps   


      second appendage – four-segmented structure lateral to the chelicirae for grasping, locomotion, and reception of stimuli

         
• Hypostome – 


  median structure with recurved teeth (except males) for anchorage; it does not move
• fused coxae of the palps; it varies in shape in the diff. genera

  basis capituli
• egg


  Oval or spherical
• Larva


  3 leg pairs
• nymph


  4 leg pairs without sexual organs
• Protonymph 


  1st instar
• deutonymph


  2nd instar
• tritonymph


  3rd instar
• adult


  4 leg pairs and well-developed sexual organs
• Pheromone


  Secretion that attracts other ticks
• Argas persicus


  Fowl/poultry tick

  Not present in PH

  All stages are parasitic

  Life cycle is completed in at least 1 month with a max if 10 generations   
• argas reflexus 


  Piegion tick

  Distinctly flattened body

  Leathery integument

  Bears buttons and plates

  Live 3 months without food
• Borellia anserina 


  Transmits fowl spirochetosis
• Aegytienella pullorum 


  Transmit avian piroplasmosis  
• Obutius megnini


  "Spinose ear tick"

  For cattle and horses but may attack other domestic animals

  Found on south-western north america and canada

   Adults are non-parasitic
• Gonopore

  Female genital opening

  (Sa likod ng gnathosoma)
• Male


  No external genetalia, spermatophore is implanted by Chelicerae
• Gene's organ


  Egg waxing organ

  (Responsible for fertilizing eggs??)
• Chelicirae


  Pair of cutting structure
• Pedipalps 


  Grasping, locomotion, and reception of stimuli
• hypostome


  Median structure with recurved teeth for anchorage  
• one-host tick


  Whole development in 1 host
• one-host tick


  (Boophilus) rhipicephalus, B. Annulatus, B. Decoloratus  
• two-host tick


  Larvae and nymph in one host

  Adult in another host
• two-host tick


  Rhipicephalus bursa

  Riphecephalus evertsi
• three-host tick


  Each stages have different hosts
• three-host tick   


  R. Appendiculatus

  Ixodes ricinus
• Ixodes


  Largest genus in Ixodidae  

  Small, inornate, w/o eyes and festoons
• Ixodes ricinus


  European sheep tick / castor bean

  Three-host tick

  Affects wild and domestic animal in europe and australia
• Ixodes canisuga


  British dog tick

  Adapted to life in a lair or den

  *dermatits

  *Pruritus

  *Alopecia

  *Anemia 

   
• Ixodes scapularis 


  Black-legged tick

  2 years life cycle

  Three-host tick

  Feeding once in each stage

  Nymph causes lyme disease

  Don't usually bite humans and prefers small hosts like rodent and birds