PE4

• Mountaineering


  The sport of climbing a mountain
• Mountaineering


  • May involve using technical equipment
  • Combines a series of related skills like beacheneering
• Mountaineering


  The act of trekking and climbing mountains to see the peak and appreciate the panoramic view
• The sport of mountaineering aims to climb the peak of a mountain
• Benefits of mountaineering


  • Improving physical fitness
  • Improving cardiovascular fitness
  • Reducing body fat through aerobic exercise
  • Developing appreciation and respect for the environment
• Mt.Everest is the highest mountain above sea level
• Mt. Pulag


  • Elevation: 2,922 m
  • Location: Luzon
  • Region: Benguet
  • Mountain range: Cordillera Central
  • "A walk in the clouds"
• Mount Pulag borders the provinces of Benguet, Ifugao, and Nueva Vizcaya
• Mount Pulag is the Philippines' third highest mountain and Luzon's highest peak

  
• Mt. Apo


  • Elevation: 2,954 m
  • Location: Davao City, Digos, Kidapawan (Mindanao)
  • Region: Cotabato, Davao del Sur
  • Apo volcano is the highest mountain in the Philippines, and its name means "Master" or "Grandfather"

  
• Mt Pinatubo


  • Elevation: 1,486 m
  • Volcanic arc/belt: Luzon Volcanic Arc
  • Location: Luzon
  • Provinces: Pampanga, Zambales, Tarlac
  • Regions: Pampanga, Tarlac, Zambales
  • Mostly noted for a failed geothermal development project
  • Exploded spectacularly on 15 June 1991
  • Its eruption on 15 June 1991 was the second largest volcanic eruption of the 20th century
  • Prior to the eruption, Pinatubo was a little known volcano and it had been dormant for 400 years
  • Before the eruption in 1991 Pinatubo was 1745 m high (ca. 250 m more than now), and was only 200 m higher than the nearby peaks, which are remnants of older volcanic edifices of Mt Pinatubo and hid it from views from distance
• Filipino Mountaineers

  • Dale Abenojar
  • Leo Oracion
  • Erwin Mata

  
• Knot


  A complexity in a rope which may be useful or a decoration
• Classification of practical knots

  • Hitches
  • Bends
  • Splices
• Hitch


  Rope that is roped up to another object
• Bend


  Merges two rope ends
• Splice


  A variety of strand bend or loop
• Knot


  Can be a stopper or a hold at the end of a rope to refrain from slipping through a loop
• Figure-eight knot


  A type of stopper knot, very important in both sailing and rock climbing as a method of stopping ropes from running out of retaining devices
• Half Hitch


  An overhand knot with the working end brought over and under the standing part
• Half-knot


  A knot intertwining the ends of two cords and used in tying other knots
• Noose Knot


  A loop at the end of a rope in which the knot tightens under load and can be loosened without untying the knot, used to secure a rope to a post or pole
• Overhand Knot


  One of the most fundamental knots, forming the basis of many others
• Sheet Bend


  A bend, practical for joining lines of different diameter or rigidity, quick and easy to tie
• Slip Knot


  A stopper knot which is easily undone by pulling the tail, related to the running knot
• The Reef Knot, or Square Knot


  An ancient and simple binding knot used to secure a rope or line around an object
• Tent


  A shelter made of cloth, supported by one or more poles and stretched tight by cords or loops attached to pegs driven into the ground, used for camping, hiking, and other outdoor recreational activities
• Different types of tents

  • Ridge/A-frame tents
  • Dome tents
  • Tunnel Tents
  • Geodesic Tents
  • Bivy Tents
• Parts of a tent

  • Body
  • Rain Fly
  • Tent Poles
  • Ground sheets
• Compass


  A device that indicates direction, one of the most important instruments for navigation
• Magnetic compass


  The most well known type of compass, with a magnetic needle that points to magnetic north
• Parts of a compass

  • Compass housing
  • Compass needle
  • Compass bezel or dial
  • Direction of travel arrow
  • Orienting Arrow
  • Magnetic declination adjustment
  • Compass scales
  • Compass clinometer
  • Compass magnifier
• Direction


  The course along which someone or something moves
• Axis


  An imaginary line where the earth rotates, with the North Pole and South Pole as the endpoints
• Camping etiquettes (Leave No Trace Principles)

  • Plan ahead and prepare
  • Travel and camp on durable surfaces
  • Dispose of waste properly
  • Leave what you find
  • Minimize campfire impacts
  • Respect wildlife
  • Be considerate of other visitors
• Essential equipment for mountaineering

  • Hiking shoes / hiking sandals
  • Quick dry clothes
  • Mountaineer's backpack
  • Water bottle / hydro-pack
  • Cook set / eating gear
  • Raincoat / jacket
  • Headlamp / flashlight
  • Hiking gloves
  • Sleeping bag
  • Ground sleeping mat
  • Tent
  • Utility or camping knife
  • First aid kit