MODULE 2:LESSON 1 - ULTRASTRUCTURES OF THE CELL

• Cell


  It is a functional unit of life
• Robert Hooke (1665)


  Examined thin slices of cork and saw a network of tiny boxlike compartments
• Cell theory


  A collection of ideas from many different scientist over time that describe cells and how cells operate
• Matthias Schleiden (1838)


  All plant tissues are composed of cells
• Theodor Schwann (1839)


  All organisms consist of one or more cells
• Rudolf Virchow (1855) 


  cells arose only by the division of other pre existing cells
• Anton van leeuwenhoek (1674) 


  Observed living cell
• Robert Brown (1883)


  Discovered Nucleus
• Felix Dujardin


  Discovered protozoans
• J.E Purkinje (1839)


  Named fluid content cell as protoplasm
• Protoplasm


  Living substance of the cell
• 2 compartments of protoplasm

  1. cytoplasm
  2. karyoplasm
• Individuals discovering the cell

  1.Anton Van Leeuwenhoek (1674)

  2. Robert brown (1883)

  3. Felix dujardin (1835)

  4. J.E Purkinje (1839)
• Cytoplasm


  extends from the plasma membrane to the nuclear envelope
• Unicellular Organism

  Made of only one cell

  Ex. euglena, paramecium *protist)

  • Yeast (fungi) can be uni or multicellu
• Multicellular organism

  Two or more cells

  • Ex. plants, animal, fungi
• Prokaryotic cell


  Lacks true nucleus and membrane bound organelles
• Prokaryotic 2 kinds

  • Bacteria
  • Archaea
• Capsule


  an outer layer of polysaccharides that covers the cells of many different bacterial species.
• Cell wall


  Keeps the bacterial cell its structural support
• Cell membrane or plasma membrane


  regulates the transport of materials entering and exiting the cell
• Cytoplasm

  The part wich contains fluid
• Flagellum


  organelle of locomotion in the cells of many living organisms.
• Food granules

  • typically represent sites of viral multiplication in a bacterium or a eukaryotic cell and usually consist of viral capsid proteins.
  • The inclusion that is found in the cytoplasm and is important in storing substances
• Plasmid (DNA)


  To transfer the information from one cell to another
• Ribosomes 


  They build proteins
• Nucleotide Area


  Where the genophore is locates
• Pilus


  to attach a bacterial cell to specific surfacesor to other cells.
• Eukaryote


  Has nucleus and membrane bound organelles
• Protozoa


  Single-celled eukaryotes
• 3 parts of eukaryotic cell

  • Cytoplasm
  • Cell membrane
  • Nucleus
• Plasma membrane


  A semipermeable membrane that forms the boundary between cells contents and the outside of the cell
• 4 components Cell membrane

  • Protein
  • phospholipids
  • carbohydrates
  • cholesterol
• Cytoplasm


  Has cytosol and organelles
• Cell/Plasma Membrane


  The outer boundary
• Nucleus


  Control center of the cell
• Nucleus

  • a large rounded or oval structure
  • command center of the cell
• Nucleus structure

  • Nuclear Envelope
  • Nucleoplasm
  • Nucleolus
  • Chromatin
  • Chromosomes
  • Cytoplasm
• Structure of the cell

  • plasma membrane
  • nucleus
  • cytoplasm

  1. Cytosol
  2. Cell organelles
• Endoplasmic Reticulum

  • Network of flattened sacs and branching

  tubules

  • Connected to the nuclear envelope
  • Provides a pipeline between the nucleus