molecular bonding

• condensation reactions are used to make polymers from monomers by removing water
• hydrolysis reactions use water to break up polymers into smaller molecules (monomers)
• biological molecule - carbohydrates = monosaccharide (monomer)= polysaccharide (polymer)
• biological molecule - proteins = amino acids (monomers)= polypeptides (polymers)
• biological molecule - nucleic acids= nucleotides(monomers)= DNA (polymers)
• hydrogen bonding- weak interactions where molecules (eg water) contains slightly negative charged atom bonded to slightly positive charged hydrogen, we say it is polar
• in polymers many H bonds form between monomer chains, stabilising structure
• carbohydrates

  C, H and O
• proteins


  C, H, O, N and S
• nucleic acids


  C,H,O,N and P