RWS FINALS HUHU

• Nucleus Contains majority of the cell’s genetic material (some of it is contained in the mitochondria)
• Nucleus - It maintains the security of the genes and controls the function of the entire cell by regulating gene expression.
• Gregor Mendel - Discovered the fundamental laws of inheritance.
• Gregor Mendel - He deduced that genes come in pairs and are inherited as distinct units, one from each parent.
• The DNA is packed in thread-like structures called the chromosomes.
• A gene is the hereditary unit consisting a sequence of DNA.
• GENE - It is a linear sequence of nucleotides in a segment of DNA that provides instructions on how to express a hereditary character in an organism
• The complete string of GENES makes up the entire DNA
• CENTROMERE - The region joining 2 sister chromatids
• each chromosome has a constriction point called centromere, which divides the choromosomes into two sections, called arms.
• the part which is shorter called the p arm and the other which is longer is the q arm.
• A chromatid is one-half of two identical copies of a replicated chromosome.
• Chromatin are formed from chormatin fibers.
• Sister chromatids - joined chromatids
• the two chromatids that male up one arm are called sister chromatids or dyads.
• At the end of chromatids are telomeres which are repetitive nucleotide sequence.
• TELOMERES - Protects the ends of chromosomes from damage, it assures that genetic material are partitioned equally during cell division
• MITOSIS-Describes the cell reproduction of somatic cells, like the cells of your skin, bones, nose etc
• Mitosis is behind the increase in your height, the repair of damaged or injured body tissues, the increase in size of organs as you mature, and the replacement of dead or worn-out cells.
• With mitosis, your body makes sure that the cells it produces are identical with old parent cells.
• Meiosis is the cell reproduction leading to the production of gametes (sex cells, reproductive cells, sperm and egg cells for humans).
• Diploid - Contains two complete sets (2n) of chromosomes.
• Haploid - Contains only one complete set of (n) of chromosome.
• DIPLOID - If it reproduces by mitosis, the daughter cells it produces are identical with the parent cell.
• Haploid cell arises from meiosis in which a diploid cell divides and turns into haploid germ cells (gametes).
• Gap 1 Phase (G1) - Cell increases in size in preparation for DNA synthesis.
• Synthesis Phase (S) - Synthesis of DNA replication.
• Gap 2 Phase (G2) - Cell continues to grow in preparation for mitosis.
• Mitosis Phase - Cell growth stops and the cell begins to divide into two identical daughter cells.
• Gap 0 phase (G0) is the resting phase of the cell where the cell stops dividing.
• During interphase, the cell grown and makes a copy of its DNA.
• PROPHASE - duplication of chromosomes, the nuclear envelope begins to shatter, polar spindles produces by two centrosomes form at opposite ends of the cell.
• metaphase - spindles are fully developed, and chromosomes align at center of the cell.
• Anaphase - Sister chromatids seperate and begin to move to opposite poles of the cell.
• Anaphase - The original cell elongates due to the lengthening of spindle fibers.
• Telophase - chromosomes are contained in the new nucleus of each forming daughter cell.
• Telophase - the parent cell is about to split into two identical daughter cells.
• After telophase, cytokinesis takes place.
• Cytokinesis - the division of the parent cell's cytoplasm into two daughter cells.
• G1 Restriction Point - The point where the cell becomes committed to undergo cell division.