1 - Community Organization

• COMMUNITY HEALTH/PUBLIC HEALTH - The science of preventing disease, prolonging life and promoting health and efficiency through organize community effort.
• a.Environmental sanitation

  b. Control of Community infection

  (communicable disease)

  c. Education of the individual in principles of

  personal hygiene

  d. Organization of Medical and nursing services

  for early diagnosis and preventive treatment

  of diseases

  e. Development of social machinery which will

  ensure everyone as standard living adequate

  for maintenance of life
• Two broad areas of preventive medicine: Public Health and Risk Factor Evaluation
• Public Health- includes programs and activities directed at community level and will benefit everyone or individuals who are not currently under the care of physician.
• Risk Factor Evaluation- includes programs and

  activities directed at individuals who are currently under the care of physician who evaluates them for high-risk factors that can cause disease, educate them about good habits and screens them for appropriate conditions.
• HEALTH - A status of complete physical, mental and social well being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity regarded as person’s physical and psychological capacity to

  establish and maintain balance.
• Health or disease - is expressions of the success or failure of a person to respond adaptively to environmental challenges.
• HEALTH- successful defense of the host against forces landing to disturb body equilibrium
• DISEASE- failure of the body defense mechanism to cope with forces tending to disturb body equilibrium
• Determinants of Health: Income and social status, Education, Physical environment, Employment and working conditions, Social support networks, Culture, Genetics, Personal behavior and coping skills, Health services, gender
• Aspects of Health: Physical Health, Mental Health, Social Health
• Physical Health- refers to condition which

  enables a person to maintain a strong and

  healthy body.
• Mental Health- refers to how a person thinks

  of himself, control his emotions and adjust to

  environment.
• Social Health- refers to ways a person feels,

  think and acts towards everybody around him
• Education- low education levels are linked with poor health, more stress and lower self confidence
• Income and social status- higher income and social status are linked to better health
• Physical environment- safe water and clean air, healthy workplace, safe houses, communities and roads all contribute to good health.
• Employment and working conditions- people in

  employment are healthier, particularly those who have more control over their working conditions.
• Social support networks- greater support from families, friends and communities is linked to a better health
• Culture- customs, traditions and the beliefs of the family and community all affect the health
• Genetics- inheritance plays a part in determining lifespan, healthiness and the likelihood of developing certain illness.
• Personal behavior and coping skills- balanced eating, keeping active, smoking, drinking and how to deal with life’s stresses and challenges all affect health
• Health services- access and use of services that

  prevent and treat disease influence health
• Gender- men and women suffer from different types of diseases at different ages.
• Primary Health Care (PHC) as an approach to

  delivery of health care services - WHO defines PHC as essential health care made universally accessible to individuals and

  families in the community by means acceptable to them through their full participation and at a cost that the community

  and country can afford at every stage ofdevelopment
• Elements/Components of PHC

  1. Environmental sanitation

  2. Control of communicable disease

  3. Immunization

  4. Health Education

  5. MCH and Family Planning

  6. Adequate Food and Proper Nutrition

  7. Provision of Medical Care and Emergency

  Treatment

  8. Treatment of Locally Endemic Diseases

  9. Provision of Essential Drugs
• Four Cornerstones/Pillars in PHC

  1. Active community participation

  2. Intra and inter-sectoral linkages

  3. Use of appropriate technology

  4. Support mechanism made available
• Levels of Health Care Referral System: National Health, Services Medical, Centers Teaching, and Training Hospitals
• Levels of Health Care Referral System: Regional Health Services,

  Regional Medical Centers, And Training Hospitals
• Levels of Health Care Referral System: Provincial/City Health Services,

  Provincial/City Hospitals
• Levels of Health Care Referral System: Emergency/District Hospitals
• Levels of Health Care Referral System: Rural Health Unit, Community Hospitals and Health Centers, Private Practioners / Puericulture Centers
• Levels of Health Care Referral System: Barangay Health Stations
• Levels of Health Care Facilities: Primary Health Care, Secondary Health Care, Tertiary Health Care
• PRIMARY HEALTH CARE FACILITIES - rural health units, their sub-centers, chest clinics, malaria eradication units, and schistosomiasis control units; puericulture centers, tuberculosis clinics, private clinics, clinics operated by large industrial firms, community hospitals, health centers and other health facilities
• SECONDARY HEALTH CARE FACILITIES - non-departmentalized hospitals including emergency and regional hospitals
• TERTIARY HEALTH CARE FACILITIES - medical centers and large hospitals
• THREE LEVELS OF PRIMARY HEALTH CARE WORKERS: VILLAGE OR GRASSROOT HEALTH WORKERS, INTERMEDIATE LEVEL HEALTH WORKERS,

  FIRST LINE HOSPITAL PERSONNEL
• VILLAGE OR GRASSROOT HEALTH WORKERS - Community health worker, volunteers or traditional birth attendants

   

  § first contacts

  § socio-economic

  § curative and preventive
• INTERMEDIATE LEVEL HEALTH WORKERS - Medical practitioners, nurses and midwives

   

  § first source

  § provide support

  § attends to health problems

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