oral exam

• Small intestine - longest part of digestive tract. 3m length, average width of 2.5 cm
• Nutrient deficiency, common digestive diseases and ways to prevent such diseases.
• mouth - first organ of digestion where food begins its travel
• 3 main regions of small intestine - duodenum, jejunum, ileum
• large intestine - or colon is the last section of the digestive system
• large intestine is about 65cm in diameter and 15m in length
• Parts of the digestive system

  • Mouth
  • Anus
  • Large intestine
  • Teeth
  • Liver
  • Small intestine
  • Salivary glands
  • Pharynx
  • Pancreas
  • Esophagus
  • Stomach
  • Rectum
• Ingestion


  The process of taking food into the digestive tract
• Ingestion


  Food is chewed by the teeth, saliva mixes with it, then it is swallowed through the pharynx and esophagus
• Digestion


  The process of breaking down food for body absorption
• Mechanical digestion

  • Food is broken into smaller pieces through chewing, grinding, squeezing, and tearing
• Chemical digestion


  • Food is broken down with the help of chemicals and other substances that liquefies
• Assimilation


  Absorption of nutrients from food and transporting them to the cells of the body through bloodstream
• Excretion


  The process of removing waste and excess water from the body
• Small intestine is the major organ of chemical digestion and nutrients absorption
• Nutrient deficiency, common digestive diseases and ways to prevent such diseases
• large intestine : temporary stores undigested foods, it absords vitamins produced by certain symbiotic bacteria and reabsorbs water from undigested residue
• rectum - warehouse for undigested residue
• Anus - exit point of undigested food
• teeth - for cutting, grinding, smashing solid food
• saliva - protects the inner lining of the mouth. lubricates solid food for easier swallowing
• saliva contains enzyme salivary amylase begins the breakdown of starch
• esophagus - muscular tube that carries food downward into the stomach
• in the esophagus, food is lubricated with mucus and moved by peristalsis
• stomach - expanded j shaped organ situated in the upper left region of the abdominal cavity
• the special cells in the lining of stomachsecrete gastric juices which is composed of strong hydrochloric acid and pepsin
• liver - largest glandular organ of the body, production of bile which helps in breaking down fat into small droplets
• gallbladder - muscular pouch beneath the liver, where bile is stored
• amino acid - basic unit of proteins
• Through the enzymes carboxypeptidase and amino peptidase, it complete protein digestion into amino acids.
• Pancreas is considered as heterocrine gland since it has both endocrine and exocrine function.
• Pancreas secretes three important substances- pancreatic juice, sodium bicarbonate, and the hormone insulin.