Ict 17

• Microcontroller


  A small computer on a single integrated circuit containing four major parts of every computer system
• Microcontroller


  • A device optimized for control applications
• Parts of a computer system

  • CPU that executes programs
  • Memory to store variables and instructions
  • Clock or oscillator that determines program execution speed
  • Input and output capabilities to support peripherals
• Input devices

  • Keyboard
  • Mouse
  • Monitor
  • Projector
  • Other pointing devices
• Output devices

  • Speech
  • Other displays
  • Audio output
• Microcontroller packages


  Range from 8-40+ pins
• Microcontroller instruction sets

  8, 16, 32 and 64 bits
• Where to find microcontrollers

  • ATM
  • Car key
  • Computers
• Early Day (1970s/80s) popular microcontrollers


  • Intel 8048
  • Intel 8051
  • Zilog Z8
  • Motorola 68HC05
• Current Day (1970s/80s) popular microcontrollers


  • Microchip PIC/PICAXE
  • Amtel AVR/ AT mega
  • Parallax BASIC Stamp
• Arduino


  An open-source electronics platform based on easy-to-use hardware and software
• Arduino Components


  • Arduino Board- Hardware
  • Arduino Integrated Environment-Software
• Arduino Board


  • Hardware platforms on microcontrollers, typically from the Atmel AVR family
• Arduino IDE


  A software development environment that allows users to write, compile, and upload code to Arduino boards
• Factors contributing to the popularity of the Arduino platform

  • Open-Source Nature
  • Beginner-Friendly
  • Versatility
  • Large Community and Support
• Parts of Arduino

  • Digital Pins
  • Reset Switch
  • USB Connector
  • USB Interface Chip
  • Crystal Oscillator
  • Voltage Regulator
  • Power Port
  • TX RX LEDS
  • Microcontroller
  • Analog Input Pins
• WHAT IS A SYSTEM?

  -refers to a collection of interconnected components or parts that work together to perform a specific function or task.

  WHAT IS A SYSTEM?

  -it is also an arrangement in which all its units assemble and work together according to plan or program.
• Watch operation

  1. All needles move clockwise only

  2. Thin needle rotates every second

  3. Long needle rotates every minute

  4. Short needle rotates every hour

  5. All needles return to original position after 12 hours
• Embedded

  Integration of a computing system within a larger mechanical or electrical system, rather than being a standalone entity
• Embedded system


  Computer inside a product
• Embedded system


  Specialized computing system that is designed to perform specific functions within a larger mechanical or electrical system
• Embedded system


  • Uses a computer to perform some function but is not used (nor perceived) as a computer
• Embedded system

  • Typically consists of a combination of hardware and software components that work together to control and manage the operation of the device or equipment they are embedded in
• Hardware


  Physical components of the system that interact directly with the device or equipment it is embedded in, responsible for executing the tasks and functions of the embedded system
• Software


  Used for performance
• Program


  A specific set of instructions or code written in a programming language that tells a computer how to perform a particular task or function
• Software

  Forms the backbone of modern computer systems, enabling them to perform a wide range of tasks and provide diverse functionalities for users
• Embedded system


  A system designed to perform a specific task
• Microprocessor

  A central processing unit (CPU) that focuses on executing instructions and performing computations
• Microprocessors

  • Suitable for applications that require extensive computational capabilities, multitasking, and compatibility with various software applications
• Microcontroller

  A compact integrated circuit (IC) that consists of a processor, memory, and input/output (I/O) devices, all on a single chip
• Microcontroller


  Designed for embedded applications and is commonly used to control and monitor hardware devices
• Microprocessor

  Memory and I/O components are connected externally
• Microcontroller

  Memory and I/O output components are present internally
• Applications of embedded systems

  • Consumer Electronics
  • Telecommunication
  • Automotive, aero-spatial
  • Plant Control and Production automation
  • Defense
• Embedded systems in automobiles

  • Cruise control system
  • Airbag control system
  • In-vehicle Entertainment system
  • Navigation systems
  • Climate control
  • Antilock braking system (ABS)
  • Parking system
• Embedded systems in telecommunications

  • Telephone switches
  • Mobile phones
  • Broadband networks
  • Robotics in the transmission line
• Mobile phones


  Consist of many embedded systems, including GUI software and hardware, operating systems (OSes), cameras, microphones, and USB (Universal Serial Bus) I/O (input/output) modules
• Embedded systems in industrial machines

  • Sensors
  • Automation systems that perform specific monitoring and control functions
• Embedded systems in banking industry

  • Automatic Teller Machines (ATM)
  • Currency counters
  • Cash Dispersing Machine (CDM)
  • Passbook printing machine
  • Card swipe machine