Reading and Writing

• Reading


  A complex cognitive process of decoding symbols in order to construct and derive meaning. It is a means of language acquisition, of communication, and of sharing of information and ideas.
• Technique


  A way of doing something by using special knowledge or skill
• Reading Techniques

  The styles, systems or practices in decoding symbols for better comprehension for communication, sharing of information and ideas
• Reading Techniques

  • Rhea read the short story "The Last Leaf" by O. Henry from her English Textbook. She understood the story enough to retell what she has read to her partner with their homework and enough to write a summary of it.
• Cognitive Process


  An operation that affects mental content; the process of thinking and remembering; obtaining and storing of knowledge
• Decoding


  To find or understand the meaning of something; to recognize and interpret something; the process of translating a printed word into a sound
• Derive


  To take, receive or obtain something especially in a specified source
• Language acquisition


  The process by which humans acquire the capacity to perceive and comprehend language, as well as to produce and use words and sentences to communicate
• Skimming


  1. Read the title

  2. Read the introduction or lead-in paragraph

  3. Read the first paragraph completely

  4. If there are subheadings, read each one, looking for relationships among them

  5. Read the first sentence of each remaining paragraph
• Skimming


  • Rapidly moving the eyes over text with the purpose of getting only the main ideas and a general overview of the content
  • Useful in pre-reading, reviewing, and quickly reading material that does not need more detailed information
• Scanning


  1. Keep in mind what you are searching for

  2. Anticipate the form the information is likely to appear in

  3. Analyze the organization of the content before starting to scan

  4. Let your eyes run rapidly over several lines of print at a time
• Scanning


  • Rapidly covers a great deal of material in order to locate a specific fact or piece of information
• Phrase Reading


  A method of reading that focuses on phrases rather than individual words
• Phrase


  A group of words that go together to mean something. A phrase is a concept.
• Clustering


  An exercise designed to help develop the skills for Phrase Reading
• Types of Non-Prose Reading

  • Graphs
  • Diagrams
  • Charts
  • Maps
• Graphs


  Visual representations of quantitative information meant to make the reader see instantly how gathered data relate to each other
• Diagrams


  Made up of lines and symbols, which show the interrelationships of parts or elements, steps of a process, or key features of an object or an area
• Charts


  Visuals that summarize data, explain a process, or describe a set of relationships
• Maps


  Flat representations of the earth that show geographical areas by means of scales and models