12.7/12.8

• excitatory neurotransmitters

  • causes depolarization of postsynaptic membranes
  • promotes AP
• inhibitory neurotransmitters

  • causes depolarization of postsynaptic membranes
  • supresses AP
• neuromodulators

  • chemicals axon terminal release that alter
  • rate of neurotransmitter release
  • response of postsynaptic cell
• classes of neurotransmitters

  • biogenic amines
  • amino acids
  • neuropeptides
  • dissolves gases
• types of neuromodulators

  • neuropeptides
  • opioids
• axoaxonic synapses

  • presynaptic inhibitions
  • decreases neurotransmitter release rate at presynaptic membrane
  • presynaptic facilitations
  • increases neurotransmitter release rate at presynaptic membrane