manual facial 2

• Epidermis consists of five layers: stratum corneum, lucidum, granulosum, spinosum, basale
• Skin has three layers: epidermis (outermost layer), dermis (middle layer), subcutaneous tissue (deepest layer)
• The skin is the largest organ of the body, covering approximately 16% of total body weight.
• Stratum corneum is the outermost layer of skin that protects against water loss and microbial invasion.
• Dermal papillae are finger-like projections that extend into the epidermis from the dermis.
• The skin serves as an insulator against heat loss from the body.
• The dermal-epidermal junction (DEJ) is where the epidermis meets the dermis and contains melanocytes which produce pigmentation.
• The skin also helps regulate body temperature through sweating and vasodilation/vasoconstriction.
• The skin is composed of two main layers: the epidermis and the dermis.
• Melanosomes are organelles found within melanocytes responsible for producing melanin.
• The epidermis is made up of several layers of cells, including the stratum corneum, which provides protection against external factors such as UV radiation and microorganisms.
• Melanin pigmentation provides protection against UV radiation damage to DNA.
• Stratum granulosum contains keratinocytes with large amounts of keratin.
• The skin contains sensory receptors that detect touch, pressure, pain, temperature, and vibration.
• Hair follicles produce hair shafts which can be used for identification purposes.
• Keratinocyte differentiation involves changes in cell shape, size, and function.
• Sebaceous glands secrete oil to lubricate hair follicles and prevent excessive moisture loss.
• Nails serve as protective coverings over the distal ends of fingers and toes.
• Hair follicles are tubular structures found within the dermis that contain hair shafts.
• The stratum basale, or germinativum, is the deepest layer of the epidermis and consists of columnar cells with dark nuclei.
• Sebaceous glands secrete oil called sebum to lubricate the skin and hair.
• The skin plays a role in thermoregulation by regulating blood flow to the surface of the skin and sweating.
• The stratum spinosum, or spongiosum, is the second layer of the epidermis and has numerous intercellular spaces filled with keratin.
• Apocrine sweat glands are located near hair follicles and release odorless sweat when stimulated by emotions or exercise.
• The dermis is located beneath the epidermis and consists of connective tissue that supports the overlying epidermis and provides structural support to the skin.
• The skin helps prevent dehydration by retaining moisture within the body.
• Skin color varies due to differences in the amount and type of melanin produced by melanocytes.
• Eccrine sweat glands are responsible for thermoregulation and excretion of waste products such as urea and lactic acid.
• The dermis consists of connective tissue that supports the overlying epidermis and contains blood vessels, nerves, hair follicles, sweat glands, and sebaceous glands.
• Erythema refers to redness or flushing of the skin caused by increased blood flow to the capillaries.
• Sebaceous glands produce sebum, an oily substance that lubricates the hair shaft and helps prevent water loss from the skin.
• Sebaceous glands secrete an oily substance called sebum into the hair follicle.
• Sebaceous glands secrete sebum, an oily substance that lubricates the hair shaft and protects the skin from water loss.
• Sebaceous glands secrete an oily substance called sebum onto the surface of the skin.
• Pallor describes pale or white skin that lacks normal coloring.
• The stratum granulosum, or lucidum, is the third layer of the epidermis and contains flattened cells with large amounts of keratin.
• Sebaceous glands produce oil called sebum to lubricate the skin and protect it from water loss.
• Apocrine sweat glands are located in areas where there is little or no hair growth, such as the armpits and genital area.
• Apocrine sweat glands are located in the axillae (armpits) and genital area and produce odor-causing substances when bacteria break down their secretions.
• Apocrine sweat glands are located in the axillae (armpits) and genital area, while eccrine sweat glands are distributed throughout the body.