COMPUTER: BUONG HANDOUT

• Image


  A visual representation of something that you see in real life. Can be two-dimensional (drawing, painting) or three-dimensional (model, sculpture)
• Raster Images Files


  • Also known as "bitmapped graphics"
  • Constructed by a series of pixels to form an image
  • Highly dependent on their original resolution
  • Image quality lessens when resampled to lower resolution
  • Cannot resize without compromising resolution
• Vector Images Files


  • Not dependent on original resolution
  • Flexible to be scaled without affecting final resolution
  • Constructed using proportional formulas rather than pixels
• JPEG (or JPG) - Joint Photographic Experts Group


  • Most common file type
  • Known for "lossy" compression - quality decreases as file size decreases
• PNG - Portable Network Graphics


  • Amazing for interactive documents like web pages but not suitable for print
  • "Lossless" - can edit without losing quality
  • Supports transparency
• GIF - Graphics Interchange Format


  • Most common in animated form
  • Formed from up to 256 colors in RGB color space
  • Common for web projects where image needs to load quickly
• TIFF - Tagged Image File Format


  • Large raster file that doesn't lose quality
  • Uses "lossless compression" - original data maintained
  • Designed to produce high-resolution graphics
• PSD - Photoshop Document


  • Created and saved in Adobe Photoshop
  • Contains "layers" to make image modification easier
  • Used for social media images, banner ads, email headers, videos etc.
• EPS - Encapsulated Postscript


  • Vector format designed to produce high-resolution graphics for print
  • Can be created by almost any design software

  
• PDF - Portable Document Format


  Invented by Adobe to capture and review rich information from any application, on any computer, with anyone, anywhere
• AI - Adobe Illustrator Document


  • The most preferred image format by designers
  • The most reliable type of file format for using images in all types of projects from web to print

  
• INDD - Adobe InDesign Document


  • Created and saved in Adobe InDesign
  • Commonly used to create larger publications like newspapers, magazines and eBooks
• RAW - Raw Image Formats


  Contains the unprocessed data captured by a digital camera or scanner's sensor
• GIMP

  • Can read and write a large variety of graphic file formats
  • Implemented by Srihari Sriraman
  • The GIMP file extension is XCF

  
• XCF


  A file with the XCF file extension, which stands for eXperimental Computing Facility
• MAIN TOOLBOX


  • Contains a variety of tools to select, draw, and transform objects
• TOOL OPTIONS


  • Displays the properties of the chosen tool
• LAYERS OPTIONS


  • Shows the layer structure of the currently active image

  
• Brushes/Patterns/Gradients Options


  • Offer options for choosing brushes, patterns and gradients
• TOOLBOX


  • Consists of 27 Toolbox function icons, the first to appear when you open GIMP
• The Image Menu


  • Displayed by right-clicking in the image window or clicking the arrow icon
  • Stays open until an item is selected
  • Can be opened as separate windows to remain on screen
• The Layers, Channels, and Paths Dialogs


  • Very important tools in GIMP
• The Layers Dialog


  • Can be found in the Image:Layers menu, Image:Dialogs menu, or invoked by typing C-l
  • The Layers Palette is the most important feature, showing the 3D relationship of layers in 2D

  
• Bottom Layer


  • Picture of a gopher couple, fully opaque
• Middle Layer


  • Same dimensions as bottom, completely transparent except for a small white rectangular region that is partially transparent
• Top Layer


  • Smaller dimensions than bottom/middle, transparent except for text "Prairie Pranks" positioned over the white rectangle in middle layer
• The Dialogs for Color, Brushes, Patterns, Gradients, and Palettes

  • Rainbow-colored vertical bar for choosing hue, large colored square for choosing saturation and value
  • Numerical values can be entered for R, G, B, H, S, V
• Brush Selection dialog

  • Displayed by clicking on the Active Brush icon, clicking a brush makes it the new active brush
• Pattern Selection dialog

  • Displayed by clicking on the Active Pattern icon, clicking a pattern makes it the new active pattern
• Gradients dialog


  • Displayed by clicking on the Active Gradient icon, clicking a gradient makes it the new active gradient
• Color Palette dialog


  • Displayed from the Image:Dialogs menu or by typing C-p, allows choosing from predefined palettes
• Color Correction


  1. Equalize - spreads colors evenly

  2. Color Enhance - saturates or brightens colors

  3. Stretch Contrast - equalizes brightness and contrast, reduces color casts

  4. Auto Input Levels - adjusts levels automatically

  5. White Balance - improves images with poor white or black, enhances photographs
• Image Menu


  Displayed by right-clicking in the image window or clicking the arrow icon in the upper-left corner of the window
• Image Menu and its submenus


  • Stay open until one of its items has been selected by the mouse
  • Can be opened as separate windows and remain on the screen
• Layers, Channels, and Paths Dialogs

  Very important tools in the GIMP
• Layers Dialog


  Can be found in the Image:Layers menu, the Image:Dialogs menu, or invoked by typing C-l in the image window
• Layers Palette


  • Most important feature of the Layers dialog
  • Horizontal strips representing single layers in the image
  • Organized vertically in a stack showing the 3D relationship of the layers in a 2D manner
• Bottom Layer


  • Picture of a gopher couple
  • Fully opaque
• Middle Layer


  • Same dimensions as bottom layer
  • Completely transparent except for a small white rectangular region
  • White rectangle partially transparent
• Top Layer


  • Dimensions smaller than bottom or middle layers
  • Transparent except for the text 'Prairie Pranks'
  • Text positioned directly over the white rectangle in the middle layer