infection and response

• Pathogen

  An organism that causes disease
• Antigen

  a protein on the surface of a pathogen
• antibody

  A protein that acts against a specific antigen
• communicable disease

  A disease that can be spread from one person or species to another.
• Four types of pathogens

  viruses, bacteria, parasites, fungi
• human diseases caused by viruses

  measles and HIV
• symptoms of measles

  Fever and a red skin rash
• How are measles spread?

  The inhalation of droplets from sneezes and coughs
• how do we prevent the spread of measles?

  vaccinations
• HIV symptoms


  flu like symptoms
• How is HIV transmitted?

  bodily fluids, sexual contact
• how do we prevent the spread of HIV

  condoms, safe sex, clean needles
• Human diseases caused by bacteria

  salmonella and gonorrhoea
• Salmonella symptoms

  diarrhea, fever, and abdominal cramps
• How is salmonella spread?

  Through contaminated food
• how do we prevent the spread of salmonella?

  vaccinate chickens

  wash hands and clean kitchen
• Gonorrhea symptoms

  burning when urinating, green discharge
• How is gonorrhea transmitted?

  sexual contact
• how do we prevent gonorrhoea

  condoms

  antibiotics
• What pathogen causes malaria?

  protists
• what vector carries malaria?

  mosquito
• symptoms of malaria

  fever and chills
• How to prevent the spread of malaria

  use mosquito nets, use insect repellent, stop mosquitoes from breeding
• Three ways pathogens are spread

  Water, air and direct contact
• four ways to prevent the spread of disease?

  hygiene

  vaccination

  destroy vectors

  isolation