Exercise 13: Animal Cells and Tissues

• Classifications of animal tissues:

  • Epithelial
  • Connective
  • Muscle
  • Nervous
• Epithelial Tissues

  • line body cavities, ducts, form glands, cover body surfaces
• Connective Tissues

  • bind, support, protect body parts
• Muscle Tissues

  • produce movement via contraction
• Nervous Tissues

  • transmit nerve impulses from one body part to and from spinal cord and brain4
• Extracellular Matrix

  • material surrounding the cells
  • composition depends on tissue type
• Membranous Epithelia

  • tightly packed epithelial cells lining the organs
• Grandular Epithelia

  • clumps of epithelial cells forming body’s glands
• Basement membrane

  • thin, sheet-like extracellular matrix
  • also known as basal lamina
• Lumen

  • cavity at the center of a tubular structure
• Basal surface of epithelial tissue

  • surface anchored to basement membrane/basal lamina
• Apical surface of epithelial tissue

  • surface facing towards external environment (skin) or towards lumen
• Classifications according to no. of layers of epithelial tissue

  • Simple
  • Stratified
• Classifications of cells making up epithelial tissue

  • Squamous
  • Cuboidal
  • Columnar